黑龍江省糧食作物比較優勢研究

姜宇博　李爽　于洋　宮秀杰　郝玉波　李梁　呂國依　錢春榮

摘 要：為了優化黑龍江省作物種植結構，促進糧食生產提質增效，該研究分析了2006—2018年黑龍江省3種糧食作物在全國的綜合優勢，對不同糧食產區優勢進行了對比。結果表明，黑龍江省水稻生產綜合優勢屬全國中等水平，但生態區位優勢明顯，今后應進一步提升質量、增加效益，彌補效率優勢的不足;玉米綜合優勢處于全國中上等水平，盡管在一定時期內需要調減，但從長期發展角度看仍是黑龍江省發展畜牧產業和工業原料加工產業的重要戰略資源;大豆綜合比較優勢較高，已經成為支撐我國大豆產業尤其是非轉基因大豆產業的重要組成部分;小麥目前雖然已不具備比較優勢，但在黑龍江省仍具有一定的生產基礎和發展潛力。

關鍵詞：糧食作物;比較優勢;黑龍江省

中圖分類號 F323文獻標識碼 A文章編號 1007-7731（2021）17-0047-05

Comparative Advantage of Grain Crops in Heilongjiang Province

JIANG Yubo1，2 et al.

（1Institute of Crop Cultivation and Tillage Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences， Harbin 150086， China;2Northeast Agricultural University， Harbin 150030， China）

Abstract： In order to optimize the planting structure of Heilongjiang Province and promote the quality and efficiency of grain production， the comprehensive advantages of four kinds of grain crops in Heilongjiang Province from 2006 to 2018 were analyzed， and the advantages of different grain producing areas were compared. The results showed that the comprehensive advantage of rice production in Heilongjiang Province is in the middle level of the country， but the ecological location advantage is obvious， so we should further improve the quality and increase efficiency to make up for the lack of efficiency advantage; the comprehensive advantage of corn is in the middle and upper level of the country， although it needs to be reduced in a certain period of time， from the perspective of long-term development， Heilongjiang Province is still developing animal husbandry industry and industrial raw material processing It is an important strategic resource of soybean industry; soybean has a high comprehensive comparative advantage， which has become the most important part of supporting China′s soybean industry， especially the non transgenic soybean industry; although wheat has no comparative advantage， it still has a certain production base and development potential in Heilongjiang Province.

Key words： Grain crops; Comparative advantage; Heilongjiang Province