黑龍江省糧食作物比較優(yōu)勢研究

姜宇博　李爽　于洋　宮秀杰　郝玉波　李梁　呂國依　錢春榮

摘 要：為了優(yōu)化黑龍江省作物種植結(jié)構(gòu)，促進(jìn)糧食生產(chǎn)提質(zhì)增效，該研究分析了2006—2018年黑龍江省3種糧食作物在全國的綜合優(yōu)勢，對不同糧食產(chǎn)區(qū)優(yōu)勢進(jìn)行了對比。結(jié)果表明，黑龍江省水稻生產(chǎn)綜合優(yōu)勢屬全國中等水平，但生態(tài)區(qū)位優(yōu)勢明顯，今后應(yīng)進(jìn)一步提升質(zhì)量、增加效益，彌補(bǔ)效率優(yōu)勢的不足;玉米綜合優(yōu)勢處于全國中上等水平，盡管在一定時期內(nèi)需要調(diào)減，但從長期發(fā)展角度看仍是黑龍江省發(fā)展畜牧產(chǎn)業(yè)和工業(yè)原料加工產(chǎn)業(yè)的重要戰(zhàn)略資源;大豆綜合比較優(yōu)勢較高，已經(jīng)成為支撐我國大豆產(chǎn)業(yè)尤其是非轉(zhuǎn)基因大豆產(chǎn)業(yè)的重要組成部分;小麥目前雖然已不具備比較優(yōu)勢，但在黑龍江省仍具有一定的生產(chǎn)基礎(chǔ)和發(fā)展?jié)摿Α?/p>

關(guān)鍵詞：糧食作物;比較優(yōu)勢;黑龍江省

中圖分類號 F323文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識碼 A文章編號 1007-7731（2021）17-0047-05

Comparative Advantage of Grain Crops in Heilongjiang Province

JIANG Yubo1，2 et al.

（1Institute of Crop Cultivation and Tillage Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences， Harbin 150086， China;2Northeast Agricultural University， Harbin 150030， China）

Abstract： In order to optimize the planting structure of Heilongjiang Province and promote the quality and efficiency of grain production， the comprehensive advantages of four kinds of grain crops in Heilongjiang Province from 2006 to 2018 were analyzed， and the advantages of different grain producing areas were compared. The results showed that the comprehensive advantage of rice production in Heilongjiang Province is in the middle level of the country， but the ecological location advantage is obvious， so we should further improve the quality and increase efficiency to make up for the lack of efficiency advantage; the comprehensive advantage of corn is in the middle and upper level of the country， although it needs to be reduced in a certain period of time， from the perspective of long-term development， Heilongjiang Province is still developing animal husbandry industry and industrial raw material processing It is an important strategic resource of soybean industry; soybean has a high comprehensive comparative advantage， which has become the most important part of supporting China′s soybean industry， especially the non transgenic soybean industry; although wheat has no comparative advantage， it still has a certain production base and development potential in Heilongjiang Province.

Key words： Grain crops; Comparative advantage; Heilongjiang Province