基于軟件分析的汽車內部安全結構的吸能及輕量化設計

管開源　王軍　白鑫　李濤　陳棟

摘 要：隨著我國汽車保有量不斷上升，汽車的安全和節能性越來越受到人們重視，可吸收車輛碰撞能量并有效減輕車身質量的帽型結構便成為研究的熱點，車身上許多結構是典型的帽形薄壁結構，承載著較多的軸向載荷，例如前縱梁，電動汽車電池包箱體等。根據研究表明，薄壁角區域增加加固材料能夠有效提高薄壁的吸能能力，所以其薄壁吸能特性及輕量化設計已然成為關注的焦點。在傳統的針對薄壁結構的吸能和輕量化設計中基本上都是根據相應的工況使用CAE仿真模擬實際情況，獲得模擬仿真時的實驗數據進而進行結構的優化設計，涉及的過程耗時費力。我們針對這方面問題，基于MATLAB與C#混合編程，應用帶有精英策略的非支配排序遺傳算法設計了一款能夠迅速且高精度地完成薄壁輕量化設計和吸能計算雙目標優化的軟件，實現了多線程結構多目標優化求解、最優解分布圖繪制、結構設計參數輸出等功能，提供了讓設計人員精準迅速研究單帽結構壓潰變形情況的平臺。

關鍵詞：遺傳算法 MATLAB 壓潰吸能 多目標優化 輕量化 軟件分析

Energy Absorption and Lightweight Design of Automobile Internal Safety Structure based on Software Analysis

Guan Kaiyuan Wang Jun Bai Xin Li Tao Chen Dong

Abstract：With the continuous increase in the number of automobiles in China， people pay more and more attention to the safety and energy saving of automobiles. The hat-shaped structure that can absorb vehicle collision energy and effectively reduce the body mass has become a research hotspot. Many structures on the body are typical hat-shaped thin-walled structure carrying more axial loads， such as front rails， electric vehicle battery pack boxes， etc. According to research， adding reinforcement materials in the corner area of ??the thin wall can effectively improve the energy absorption capacity of the thin wall， so its thin-wall energy absorption characteristics and lightweight design have become the focus of attention. In the traditional energy absorption and lightweight design for thin-walled structures， CAE simulation is basically used to simulate the actual situation according to the corresponding working conditions， and the experimental data during the simulation is obtained to optimize the design of the structure. The process involved is time-consuming and laborious. In response to this problem， based on MATLAB and C# mixed programming， the article designed a software that can quickly and accurately complete the thin-wall lightweight design and energy-absorbing calculation dual-objective optimization software based on the non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm with elite strategy. It realizes the functions of multi-threaded structure multi-objective optimization solution， optimal solution distribution map drawing， structural design parameter output and other functions， providing a platform for designers to accurately and quickly study the collapse and deformation of single-hat structures.

Key words：genetic algorithm， MATLAB， crushing energy absorption， multi-objective optimization， lightweight， software analysis