廖晉一 蘇濤



摘 要:生態環境是評價城市的重要指標,應用遙感技術能夠快速準確地對城市生態環境進行評價,為城市的環境規劃治理提供參考。本文利用生物豐度指數、植被覆蓋指數、水體指數、污染負荷指數和人類活動指數五項指數加權求和得到生態環境狀況指數(EI),以2013年與2016年的生態環境狀況指數定量描述合肥市的生態環境狀況。結果表明:研究區整體生態環境良好,平均EI值均大于60,生態優良的區域占35%;位于中心城區的包河區、瑤海區、廬陽區、蜀山區平均EI值相對較低,周邊的巢湖市、長豐縣、肥西縣、肥東縣、廬江縣平均EI值較高;合肥市2016年的EI值較2013年有所下降,但整體變化不大。
關鍵詞:生態環境狀況指數;GF-1/WFV;NPP/VIRS;PM2.5;合肥市
中圖分類號:X826;X87 ? ? 文獻標識碼:A ? ? 文章編號:1003-5168(2021)21-0102-04
The Evaluation of the Ecological Environment Quality of Hefei based on the Index of Ecological Environment
LIAO Jinyi? ? SU Tao
(School of Spatial Information and Surveying and Mapping Engineering, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan Anhui 232001)
Abstract: The ecological environment is an important index to evaluate the city. The application of remote sensing technology can quickly and accurately evaluate the urban ecological environment, and provide a reference for urban environmental planning and governance. In this paper, the ecological environment condition index (EI) obtained by weighted summation of five indexes, including biological abundance index, vegetation coverage index, water body index, pollution load index and human activity index. The ecological environment condition index (EI) in 2013 and 2016 used to quantitatively describes the ecological environment condition of Hefei city. The results shown that the overall ecological environment of the study area was very good, and the average of the EI values were more than 60, and 35% of the areas had excellent ecological environment. The average EI values of Baohe, Yaohai, Luyang and Shushan districts in the central urban area are relatively low, while those counties of Chaohu, Changfeng, Feixi, Feidong and Lujiang are relatively high. Compared with that in 2013, the EI value of Hefei in 2016 decreased, but the overall change was not significant.
Keywords: index of ecological environment; GF-1/WFV; NPP/VIRS; PM2.5; Hefei City
隨著近年來城市的不斷建設擴張,生態環境問題變得越來越重要。對城市生態環境進行質量評估,了解生態環境狀況及掌握其變化規律,不僅有利于促進區域經濟可持續發展,而且對于城市生態文明建設具有重要的現實意義和參考價值[1]。將遙感技術應用于生態環境評價領域,不僅可以減少地面環境的影響,還具有觀測范圍廣、影像獲取周期短等特點,近年來被廣泛采用。根據我國《生態環境狀況評價技術規范》(HJ 192—2015)[2],生態環境狀況評價利用一個綜合指數(生態環境狀況指數,EI 指數),包括生物豐度指數、植被覆蓋指數、水網密度指數、土地脅迫指數、污染負荷指數5個分指數和一個環境限制指數[3]。本文參考前人研究并結合研究區的特點,選擇了生物豐度指數、植被覆蓋指數、水體指數、人類活動指數和污染負荷指數來對合肥市的生態環境進行評價。
1 研究區概況與數據源
1.1 研究區概況
合肥簡稱“廬”或“合”,為安徽省省會,是國務院批復確定的中國長三角城市群副中心城市和國家重要的科研教育基地、現代制造業基地和綜合交通樞紐[3]。地處北緯31°52′、東經117°17′,截至2019年,全市下轄4個區、4個縣、代管1個縣級市,總面積11 445.1km2,建成區面積528.5km2,常住人口818.9萬人,城鎮化率76.33%。合肥位于中緯度帶,為亞熱帶季風氣候,四季分明,氣候適中。年均氣溫為15.7 ℃,年均降水量約為1 000 mm,年日照時間約為2 000 h,年均無霜期228天,平均相對濕度為77%[4]。