樂清龍檔：來自民間 飛向世界

劉凡力 林蔚然

樂清西鄉(xiāng)一帶有元宵節(jié)劃龍船的傳統(tǒng)習(xí)俗，《樂清縣志》曾對樂清元宵節(jié)龍檔活動(dòng)有過生動(dòng)的描寫：“社里笙歌達(dá)旦，通衢剪彩，與眾共賞，與民同樂?！睒非妪垯n活動(dòng)在娛樂的同時(shí)，也寄托了人們對未來生活的美好憧憬。

樂清龍檔取材于樟木、榆樹等，全檔采用了圓雕、透雕、鏤雕、浮雕等雕刻技法，并結(jié)合油漆、貼金、彩繪、竹編、刺繡等多種工藝門類，使龍檔更顯得規(guī)律、整齊而輝煌，再在上面裝插各色戲文雕刻、燈籠、彩旗和響鈴，使其更具觀賞性和細(xì)節(jié)之美。

黃德清是黃氏龍檔的第三代傳人，耄耋之年的他，與木頭打了一輩子交道，從事樂清龍檔也有40余年。在創(chuàng)作的過程中，他始終保持著專注和沉靜，仿佛萬千世界此刻都已離他而去，唯余手中的作品與他靈魂相通。由于龍檔設(shè)計(jì)的工藝門類眾多，制作龍檔并不容易，它要求制作人對各種工藝都有所涉獵。而且龍檔全身環(huán)環(huán)相扣，有一個(gè)地方不符合要求，就會(huì)導(dǎo)致整體的觀感下降。但黃德清從未想過放棄，從來都是心平氣和、一絲不茍地一步步完成龍檔的制作。當(dāng)流光溢彩的龍檔以絕美的身姿呈現(xiàn)在世人眼前時(shí)，黃德清就覺得一切的辛苦都值得。

二十一世紀(jì)以來，樂清龍檔逐漸走進(jìn)了國民的視野，更是“飛”出國門走向世界。2007年，樂清龍檔在法國巴黎聯(lián)合國教科文組織總部舉行的中國非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)藝術(shù)節(jié)上展出時(shí)，現(xiàn)場觀眾無不為其金碧輝煌的外觀和高超奇巧的技藝所折服，真切感受到了中華文化的獨(dú)特魅力。

Yueqing Dragon Stall

By Liu Fanli Lin Weiran

Local people in Wenzhous Yueqing county have long observed the tradition of carrying dragon stalls in festive processions during the Lanten festival， which falls on the 15th day of the first lunar month. On that day， “songs and music are played throughout the night， and various paper cuttings are plastered all along the main road， appreciated and enjoyed by the general public，” according to Annals of Yueqing County.Dragon stalls or “stool board dragons” take camphor trees and elm trees as raw materials. ?ey are made through such carving techniques as round carving， openwork carving， relief and embossment. The stalls are usually painted with gold lacquer，and then decorated with various kinds of carvings， lanterns， colored flags and bells.

As a third-generation heir of the “Huangs Dragon Stall”， Huang Deqing， already into his eighties， has been practicing the craft for over 40 years. When he creates dragon stalls， Huang is always focused and calm， as if the whole world has “deserted” him at the moment， and only the works in his hands are connectedwith his soul. ?anks to the myriad of skills and techniques required， making dragon stalls is no easy task. As the body of the dragon stall is closely interlinked， one place that does not meet the requirements will result in a lowering of the overall quality. But the thought of giving up has never crossed Huangs mind. When the splendid dragon stall is finished and presented in font of the public， Huang Deqing feels all the hard work is worth it.In the 21st century， Yueqing dragon stalls have become not only a nationally recognized cultural heritage; they have also stepped onto the international stage. During the 2007 China Intangible Cultural Heritage Art Festival， held in the UNESCO headquarters in Paris， the audience were highly impressed by their magni?cent appearance and exquisite craftsmanship， and truly tasted the unique charm of Chinese culture.