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側(cè)腦室注射orexin B對(duì)MPTP帕金森病模型小鼠運(yùn)動(dòng)行為影響

2021-04-12 00:00:00卞康薛雁陳蕾

[摘要]目的 探究側(cè)腦室注射orexin B對(duì)1-甲基-4-苯基-1,2,3,6-四氫吡啶(MPTP)帕金森病模型小鼠運(yùn)動(dòng)行為的影響。方法 將小鼠隨機(jī)分為正常對(duì)照組、MPTP組、orexin B組和orexin B+MPTP組。采用轉(zhuǎn)棒實(shí)驗(yàn)觀察各組小鼠在旋轉(zhuǎn)棒上停留的時(shí)間。結(jié)果 與正常對(duì)照組相比,MPTP組小鼠在旋轉(zhuǎn)棒上停留的時(shí)間顯著縮短(t=6.83,P<0.01);側(cè)腦室注射orexin B的正常小鼠在旋轉(zhuǎn)棒上停留的時(shí)間與正常對(duì)照組相比差異無(wú)顯著性(P>0.05),然而,側(cè)腦室注射orexin B的MPTP模型小鼠在旋轉(zhuǎn)棒上停留的時(shí)間較MPTP組明顯延長(zhǎng)(t=3.17,P<0.05)。結(jié)論 側(cè)腦室注射orexin B可改善MPTP誘導(dǎo)的小鼠運(yùn)動(dòng)障礙。

[關(guān)鍵詞]食欲素;輸注,腦室內(nèi);帕金森病;旋轉(zhuǎn)棒性能試驗(yàn);動(dòng)作障礙;小鼠

[中圖分類(lèi)號(hào)]R338.2

[文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)志碼]A

[文章編號(hào)]2096-5532(2021)02-0186-04

[ABSTRACT]Objective To investigate the effect of intracerebroventricular injection of orexin B on motor behavior in a mouse model of Parkinson’s disease induced by 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP). "Methods Mice were randomly divided into normal control group, MPTP group, orexin B group, and orexin B+MPTP group. The rotarod test was used to observe the retention time of mice on the rotarod."Results Compared with the normal control group, the MPTP group had a significant reduction in the retention time on the rotarod (t=6.83,Plt;0.01). There was no significant difference in retention time on the rotarod between the normal mice with intracerebroventricular injection of orexin B and the mice in the normal control group (Pgt;0.05). Compared with the MPTP group, the orexin B+MPTP group had a significant increase in the retention time on the rotarod (t=3.17,Plt;0.05). "Conclusion Intracerebroventricular injection of orexin B can improve dyskinesia induced by MPTP in mice.

[KEY WORDS]orexins; infusions, intraventricular; Parkinson disease; rotarod performance test; movement disorders; mice

帕金森病(PD)是一種由基底神經(jīng)核運(yùn)動(dòng)功能環(huán)路異常導(dǎo)致的神經(jīng)退行性疾病[1-2]。orexins由orexin A(分子量3 561)和orexin B(分子量2 899)構(gòu)成[3]。orexin受體(OXR)是G蛋白耦聯(lián)受體,包括orexin 1受體(OX1R)和orexin 2受體(OX2R)。在中樞神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)中,OX2R mRNA分布在海馬CA3區(qū)、深層皮質(zhì)和中縫核等區(qū)域[4],而在外周組織中,OX2R mRNA含量較少[5]。orexin A與OX1R和OX2R結(jié)合的親和力幾乎相等,但是orexin B與OX2R結(jié)合的親和力遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)大于與OX1R結(jié)合的親和力[4,6]。有研究結(jié)果表明,腦內(nèi)orexins參與學(xué)習(xí)記憶、進(jìn)食、獎(jiǎng)賞等多種生理功能[7]。最近有研究報(bào)道,orexins在運(yùn)動(dòng)控制方面也發(fā)揮重要作用,多數(shù)中樞運(yùn)動(dòng)控制區(qū)域均接受orexin能纖維支配[8]。有研究表明,orexins與PD密切相關(guān),PD病人腦脊液中orexins的含量顯著降低[9-14]。研究已證實(shí),orexin B在細(xì)胞水平對(duì)多巴胺能神經(jīng)元具有保護(hù)作用[15]。然而,orexin B是否可調(diào)控小鼠的運(yùn)動(dòng)行為尚不清楚。因此,本研究利用轉(zhuǎn)棒實(shí)驗(yàn)進(jìn)行行為學(xué)觀察,旨在探討側(cè)腦室注射orexin B對(duì)1-甲基-4-苯基-1,2,3,6-四氫吡啶(MPTP)PD模型小鼠運(yùn)動(dòng)行為的影響。現(xiàn)將結(jié)果報(bào)告如下。

1 材料與方法

1.1 實(shí)驗(yàn)材料

1.1.1 實(shí)驗(yàn)動(dòng)物 體質(zhì)量為22~24 g、8~10周齡的正常雄性C57BL/6小鼠,由濟(jì)南朋悅實(shí)驗(yàn)動(dòng)物繁育有限公司提供。每籠4~6只小鼠,在溫度為22~25 ℃、濕度為50%~55%、12 h光照(早8:00到晚20:00開(kāi)燈)12 h黑暗(晚20:00到早8:00關(guān)燈)的環(huán)境下飼養(yǎng),及時(shí)添水加糧、更換墊料。

1.1.2 實(shí)驗(yàn)藥品 orexin B(Cat. No. 1456)購(gòu)自Tocris公司;MPTP(Cat. No. M0896)購(gòu)自Sigma公司。

1.2 實(shí)驗(yàn)方法

1.2.1 側(cè)腦室埋管 腹腔注射水合氯醛400 mg/kg麻醉小鼠,并將其置于腦立體定位儀上。將導(dǎo)管帽和給藥導(dǎo)管(型號(hào)為62102和62003,瑞沃德生物科技有限公司)植入右側(cè)腦室(前囟后0.3 mm,向右旁開(kāi)1.0 mm,顱骨表面下2.2 mm),并用牙托水泥固定。小鼠術(shù)后恢復(fù)7 d,其中前4 d連續(xù)肌肉注射青霉素20 000 U/d。

1.2.2 實(shí)驗(yàn)分組及處理 側(cè)腦室埋管7 d后將小鼠隨機(jī)分為正常對(duì)照組、MPTP組、orexin B組和orexin B+MPTP組。各組首先側(cè)腦室注射相應(yīng)的藥物3 d進(jìn)行預(yù)處理,再腹腔注射相應(yīng)的藥物5 d。正常對(duì)照組給予生理鹽水側(cè)腦室注射和腹腔注射;MPTP組給予生理鹽水側(cè)腦室注射和MPTP腹腔注射;orexin B組給予orexin B側(cè)腦室注射和生理鹽水腹腔注射;orexin B+MPTP組給予orexin B側(cè)腦室注射和MPTP腹腔注射。根據(jù)預(yù)實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果,orexin B給藥劑量為600 ng/d,MPTP給藥劑量為30 mg/(kg·d)。側(cè)腦室注射體積為2 μL,注射時(shí)間為3 min,留針3 min;腹腔注射體積為0.005 mL/g。注射時(shí)小鼠可自由活動(dòng),注射器隨小鼠的活動(dòng)而移動(dòng)。在給藥的8 d內(nèi)均注射青霉素預(yù)防感染。

1.2.3 轉(zhuǎn)棒實(shí)驗(yàn) 將小鼠背對(duì)著測(cè)試者放在旋轉(zhuǎn)棒上適應(yīng)2 min。第2天進(jìn)行實(shí)驗(yàn),轉(zhuǎn)速為4~40 r/min,記錄小鼠在旋轉(zhuǎn)棒上停留的時(shí)間,最長(zhǎng)時(shí)間設(shè)為300 s。

1.3 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)分析

使用SPSS 22軟件進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)處理。計(jì)量數(shù)據(jù)以x2±s表示,采用兩因素析因設(shè)計(jì)的方差分析探討MPTP和orexin B的作用,以P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。

2 結(jié) 果

對(duì)照組(n=8)、MPTP組(n=8)、orexin B組(n=7)和orexin B+MPTP組(n=8)小鼠在旋轉(zhuǎn)棒上停留的時(shí)間分別為(74.44±2.71)、(39.94±4.67)、(80.50±6.68)和(52.19±2.91)s。析因設(shè)計(jì)方差分析結(jié)果顯示:

FMPTP=63.76,P<0.01;Forexin B=8.382,P<0.01;FMPTP×orexin B=2.275,P>0.05。因兩因素?zé)o交互作用,故進(jìn)行單獨(dú)效應(yīng)分析:與正常對(duì)照組相比,MPTP組小鼠在旋轉(zhuǎn)棒上停留的時(shí)間顯著縮短(t=6.83,P<0.01),說(shuō)明MPTP組小鼠運(yùn)動(dòng)功能受損;側(cè)腦室注射orexin B的正常小鼠在旋轉(zhuǎn)棒上停留的時(shí)間與正常對(duì)照組相比差異無(wú)顯著性(P>0.05),然而,側(cè)腦室注射orexin B的MPTP模型小鼠在旋轉(zhuǎn)棒上停留的時(shí)間較MPTP組明顯延長(zhǎng)(t=3.17,P<0.05),提示orexin B可改善MPTP誘導(dǎo)的運(yùn)動(dòng)障礙。

3 討 論

Orexins廣泛分布于全腦,與orexin A相比,orexin B的脂溶性低,在血液中降解速度快,而且不易透過(guò)血-腦脊液屏障,故腦內(nèi)orexin B的含量較高[16]。orexin A與OX1R和OX2R結(jié)合的親和力幾乎相等,但orexin B與OX2R結(jié)合的親和力遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)大于與OX1R結(jié)合的親和力[4,6]。orexins參與調(diào)節(jié)多種生理過(guò)程,包括進(jìn)食、運(yùn)動(dòng)控制和學(xué)習(xí)記憶功能等[17-18]。有文獻(xiàn)報(bào)道,側(cè)腦室給予orexins可增加食物攝入量,而外周注射orexins沒(méi)有引起攝食的變化[19]。orexins缺乏可導(dǎo)致學(xué)習(xí)和記憶缺陷,而orexins可增強(qiáng)海馬神經(jīng)再生,改善空間學(xué)習(xí)和記憶能力[7]。有文獻(xiàn)報(bào)道,側(cè)腦室給予orexin B可改善大鼠學(xué)習(xí)能力和鞏固其記憶能力,而orexin B鞏固記憶的作用可以被OX2R拮抗劑所逆轉(zhuǎn)[20]。orexins與PD的發(fā)病密切相關(guān),PD病人腦脊液中orexins的含量降低25%[21]。

Orexins與運(yùn)動(dòng)控制的關(guān)系越來(lái)越受到關(guān)注。有研究表明,微量注射orexin A到腹外側(cè)視前區(qū)、伏隔核、黑質(zhì)和藍(lán)斑等均可以刺激大鼠的自發(fā)性運(yùn)動(dòng)[22-25]。鼻腔給予orexin A后,小鼠的運(yùn)動(dòng)能力顯著增加,但持續(xù)時(shí)間較短[26]。有文獻(xiàn)報(bào)道,orexin A可以提高金魚(yú)的自發(fā)性運(yùn)動(dòng)而且可被OX1R阻斷劑SB 334867所阻斷[27]。orexin A可以增加6-羥基多巴胺(6-OHDA)PD模型大鼠的運(yùn)動(dòng)能力,而注射SB 334867會(huì)加重運(yùn)動(dòng)缺陷[28]。

以往電生理學(xué)和行為學(xué)研究提示,腦內(nèi)orexin B參與運(yùn)動(dòng)功能調(diào)控。側(cè)腦室注射orexin B增加大鼠挖掘和修飾行為,但作用較orexin A弱[29]。有文獻(xiàn)報(bào)道,orexin B可通過(guò)OX2R興奮與運(yùn)動(dòng)密切相關(guān)的小腦間質(zhì)核和前庭下核神經(jīng)元[30-31]。藍(lán)斑接受致密的orexin能纖維投射,orexin B可激活藍(lán)斑核神經(jīng)元,進(jìn)而增加肌張力[32]。眾所周知,PD是黑質(zhì)致密帶多巴胺能神經(jīng)元退變導(dǎo)致的運(yùn)動(dòng)障礙性疾病。本文研究結(jié)果表明,側(cè)腦室注射orexin B可改善MPTP誘導(dǎo)的PD模型小鼠運(yùn)動(dòng)障礙癥狀。我們前期的電生理實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果顯示,orexin B增加黑質(zhì)致密帶多巴胺能神經(jīng)元的自發(fā)放電頻率[33]。由此我們推測(cè),側(cè)腦室給予orexin B可能通過(guò)增加PD模型小鼠黑質(zhì)多巴胺能神經(jīng)元自發(fā)放電,通過(guò)基底神經(jīng)核功能通路,解除基底神經(jīng)核輸出核團(tuán)對(duì)大腦皮質(zhì)運(yùn)動(dòng)區(qū)的抑制效應(yīng),從而改善運(yùn)動(dòng)障礙癥狀。

轉(zhuǎn)棒實(shí)驗(yàn)是評(píng)價(jià)小鼠運(yùn)動(dòng)協(xié)調(diào)能力常用的一種行為學(xué)方法[34-35]。它通過(guò)比較小鼠在旋轉(zhuǎn)棒上停留時(shí)間的長(zhǎng)短來(lái)反映小鼠的運(yùn)動(dòng)協(xié)調(diào)能力,在旋轉(zhuǎn)棒上停留的時(shí)間越長(zhǎng),表明小鼠的運(yùn)動(dòng)能力越好。本實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果顯示,側(cè)腦室注射orexin B可增加MPTP模型小鼠在旋轉(zhuǎn)棒上停留的時(shí)間,提示側(cè)腦室給予orexin B可改善MPTP模型小鼠的運(yùn)動(dòng)能力。本實(shí)驗(yàn)室前期通過(guò)曠場(chǎng)和爬桿實(shí)驗(yàn)研究證實(shí),側(cè)腦室給予orexin A可改善MPTP誘導(dǎo)的PD模型小鼠的運(yùn)動(dòng)障礙癥狀[36]。因?yàn)閭?cè)腦室給予orexin A和orexin B可以作用于不同核團(tuán)的不同受體,故在今后的行為學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)中,可進(jìn)一步觀察側(cè)腦室聯(lián)合給予orexin A和orexin B是否會(huì)產(chǎn)生協(xié)同效應(yīng)。

PD可累及運(yùn)動(dòng)系統(tǒng),導(dǎo)致運(yùn)動(dòng)障礙。本研究結(jié)果提示側(cè)腦室注射orexin B可改善MPTP誘導(dǎo)的PD模型小鼠的運(yùn)動(dòng)障礙癥狀,這為進(jìn)一步深入探討orexin B與PD發(fā)病機(jī)制及治療的相關(guān)性提供了一定的理論和實(shí)驗(yàn)依據(jù)。

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(本文編輯 馬偉平)

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