李蕊 李曉云

摘 要 目的:通過分析1例老年心房顫動合并十二指腸腺癌術后長期口服華法林致出血的病例,提高臨床診斷和對抗凝過程中出血風險的認識。方法:描述患者的整個療程,根據(jù)患者的基本情況、既往史、現(xiàn)病史、相關實驗室檢查及治療過程分析出血原因。結果:注射維生素K1 后,凝血功能恢復正常,判斷出血為長期不規(guī)律使用華法林所致。結論:老年患者在長期抗凝過程中應定期監(jiān)測INR,注意年齡、疾病、藥物相互作用等因素對華法林療效的影響。
關鍵詞 抗凝 華法林 老年 INR 出血
中圖分類號:R973.2; R969.3 文獻標志碼:C 文章編號:1006-1533(2021)05-0060-04
Analysis of a case of bleeding caused by long-term irregularly oral warfarin in an elderly with atrial fibrillation and post operation of duodenal adenocarcinoma
LI Rui1*, LI Xiaoyun2**(1. Department of Pharmacy, Jiangqiao Hospital of Jiading District, Shanghai 201803, China; 2. Department of Pharmacy,
Chinese Medicine Hospital of Chunan County, Zhejiang Chunan 311700, China)
ABSTRACT Objective: To improve the clinical diagnosis and the recognition of bleeding risk in the anticoagulant process by analysis of a case of bleeding caused by long-term irregularly oral warfarin in an elderly patient with atrial fibrillation and post operation of duodenal adenocarcinoma. Methods: The patients entire course therapy was described and the cause of bleeding was analyzed based on her basic condition, previous history, present medical history, relevant laboratory examination and treatment process. Results: After injecting vitamin K1, her coagulation function returned to normal, judging that the bleeding was caused by long-term irregular administration of warfarin. Conclusion: Elderly patients should regularly monitor INR and pay attention to the effects of age, disease, drug interaction and other factors on the efficacy of warfarin during the long-term anticoagulation process.
KEY WORDS anticoagulation; warfarin; elderly; INR; bleeding
心房纖顫(atrial fibrillation,AF)[1]是臨床上最普遍的心律失常之一,其患病率及發(fā)病率均隨年齡增長逐步增加。心房顫動增加缺血性腦卒中及體循環(huán)動脈栓塞的風險,導致患者死亡的主要原因為進行性心力衰竭、心臟驟停及腦卒中[2]。華法林是房顫腦卒中預防及治療的有效藥物,通過在體內競爭性抑制維生素K依賴性凝血因子Ⅱ、Ⅶ、Ⅸ、Ⅹ的合成而發(fā)揮抗凝血作用,其最佳抗凝強度國際標準化比值(INR)為2.0~3.0,能有效預防腦卒中事件,治療范圍內的時間(TTR)>65%的療效最佳。但華法林的藥代動力學易受年齡、飲食、藥物、疾病等因素影響。INR<2.0,出血并發(fā)癥少,預防卒中作用弱;INR>4.0,出血并發(fā)癥增多[3]。故需要長期監(jiān)測INR。本研究通過對一例房顫伴十二指腸腺癌術后長期不規(guī)律服用華法林患者因外傷致嚴重出血的病例進行分析,探討其出血的原因,并在治療期間實施藥學監(jiān)護,保障患者用藥安全。
1 病例資料
患……