淺談萬圣節專題復習策略

張貝西 遵義航天高級中學

《普通高中英語課程標準（2017年版2020年修訂）》（簡稱《新課標》）指出學生在接受高中英語教育后應具備文化意識。具體目標中指出應培養學生獲得文化知識和理解文化內涵。隨時近年來全國新高考改革的普遍推行，筆者發現文化節日在英語試題中出現得越來越多。其中，以人教版高中英語教材必修三第一單元為例，筆者嘗試將萬圣節作為專題來復習，以期從不同試題角度幫助學生加深對外國節日的理解并熟悉該話題出現的不同題型。

一、教材原文回顧與分析

FESTIVALS AND CELEBRATLONS

Festivals and celebrations of all kinds have been held everywhere since ancient times.Most ancient festivals would celebrate the end of cold weather，planting in spring and harvest in autumn.Sometimes celebrate would be held after hunters had caught animals.At that time people would starve if food was difficult to find，especially during the cold winter months.Today’s festivals have many origins，some religious，some seasonal，and some for special people or events.

Festivals of the Dead

Some festivals are held to honour the dead or to satisfy the ancestors，who might return either to help or to do harm.For the Japanese festival.Obon，people should go to clean graves and light incense in memory of their ancestors.They also light lamps and play music because they think that this will lead the ancestors back to earth.In Mexico，people celebrate the Day of the Dead in early November.On this important feast day，people eat food in the shape of skulls and cakes with“bones”on them.They offer food，flowers and gifts to the dead.The Western holiday Halloween also had its origin in old beliefs about the return of the spirits of dead people.It is now a children’s festival，when they can dress up and to to their neighbours’homes to ask for sweets.If the neighbours do not give any sweets，the children might play a trick on them.

分析：在人教版必修三第一單元Festivals around the world中，文章特意配圖萬圣節來陳述萬圣節與祭奠亡靈之間的關系，也是提醒學生節日與文化是不可分割的甚至是最重要的內容。筆者希望以教材為綱，借助豐富的題型以促進學生對國外節日與文化的深刻認識。

二、學習文化意義助力解題完形填空

完形填空原創試題如下：

完形盲填訓練（215words）

Halloween is 1 on October thirty-first.On that night，many people will dress up and look for frightening vampires（吸血鬼）or ghosts.They do this with the help of special clothing and face with different colors.

Halloween traditions developed from people in ancient Britain.They believed that spirits of the 2 would return to their homes on the day of the autumn feast（盛宴）. 3 ，they built huge fires to frighten spirits 4 when the night falls.They say that burning a candle 5 a hollow pumpkin recalls the fires many years ago in Britain.And they say that wearing a mask to hide a person's face is 6 to the way ancient villagers covered their faces to force spirits away.

On Halloween night，American 7 go from home to home crying"Trick or treat"!If the people in the houses do not give them a treat，the children may 8 a trick on them.

Some adults put on costumes and attend Halloween parties.They also 9 their houses.They might 10 the insides of pumpkins and cut funny faces on the surface.They place the burning candle inside.Some hang fake（假冒的）bats，spider webs and other things 11 the home.

三、制作南瓜燈助力學生解題七選五

借助萬圣節這個機會，筆者嘗試讓學生親自制作南瓜燈，以調動各項學習技能，達成學生互助互學的目的。在制作過程中，讓學生身臨其境感受萬圣節的家庭氛圍，增強同學們的凝聚力。教師可以準備豐富的有關話題的語篇材料。在南瓜燈制作結束后，筆者借用了一篇“如何制作南瓜燈”的文章，并將其改編為七選五。筆者計劃在班級進行南瓜燈制作比賽，所以可以在南瓜燈制作完成以后再給學生做題，這樣還可以順便對學生制作的南瓜進行自評、互評和教師點評。原創改編試題1如下：（381words）

How to light pumpkin for Halloween?

Step 1 Finish carving your pumpkin.

When carving the pumpkin，consider where to place the access hole for adding lighting. 1 The surrounding pumpkin will protect the lighting from being blown out and the hole is placed on the ground or a solid surface.

Step 2 Use candles.

Candles are the traditional way of lighting a pumpkin and they're still much in use today.For the pumpkin with a simple base hole：Light the candle first.For the pumpkin with the top lid：Don't try to light the candle first and then stick it down inside. 2 .You should firstly make sure it's sitting firmly on the base of the pumpkin and will not fall over.Then use a long fireplace match or a longer lighter，go through the front of the pumpkin，where it's carved.You won't burn yourself using this easy method.

Step 3 Create a chimney hole.

3 And it will eventually burn a hole in the top of the pumpkin and start cooking the pumpkin from the inside out.To deal with this，use the lid-cutter saw and cut out a little edge at the top and remove it.There will be a little chimney left to release the heat.

Step 4 4

If you're worried about the flames harming pets or kids，a battery powered light can provide a safe alternative，and they're inexpensive.You don't have to worry about leaving these unattended，and they won't blow out with the wind. 5 It is a good one for a monster pumpkin for a spooky（陰森可怕的）effect.

Be creative and use other lights you have around the place，such as flashlights，lamp lights，ball lights，etc.LED lights made for bikes，headlamps，etc.，can make cool pumpkin lights.

Step 5 Enjoy your lighted pumpkin display.

If you can，remember to take photos as lit pumpkins make for memorable photos.

A.Give kids a chance.

B.So it is really a nice choice.

C.Kids love the rainbow glow light.

D.Consider using different lights.

E.A bottom hole is ideal for windy nights.

F.You can burn your hand trying to do this.

G.Flame heat rises if left to burn for a few minutes.

[學情分析]本文制作的每一個步驟都能引起同學們的共鳴，所以在做完試題以后進行點評，就進展得很順利。比如，有一組同學放入的蠟燭過長，燭火燒得很高，所以把南瓜烤的香氣撲鼻，但是也很害怕南瓜會被烤糊。筆者試問學生：該如何避免這種情況發生？學生很快就回答道：應該在南瓜的頂部開個小口，讓火焰能從小孔那兒出來，避免直接把南瓜烤熟。這樣簡單的試題訓練能夠讓學生及時反思實踐中的問題并找到有效的解決方法。

當然還有一些別具一格的小組，比如為了營造恐怖的氣憤，決定將燃燒的紙巾放進南瓜燈內代替蠟燭和LED燈，結果南瓜七竅生煙，整個教室瞬間烏煙瘴氣。這就不是開不開小孔能解決問題的了。

在制作中，筆者發現同學們對于南瓜燈的開口方向其實是有自己的一番理解的，正常情況下，大多數人都會把南瓜蒂所在的那邊當作頂部，然后圍繞著南瓜蒂切割出一個蓋子lip出來。所以當他們得往里面放蠟燭的時候才發現，蠟燭根本在里面站不穩，該怎么辦呢？七選五里有答案：不要用蠟燭，改用LED燈就可以了。而另一些同學想到了這個問題，所以從底部且一個口，最后將蠟燭放在平面上，再把南瓜罩上去就制作完畢了。

文化意義的深度理解試題（摘自《創新設計》）：

Should schools allow Halloween celebrations?

Halloween is one of the most celebrated holidays in the United States. 36 Many schools also celebrate the holiday by having kids dress up in costumes（服裝），take part in costume shows，and join in a variety of activities relating to Halloween.On October 31，the halls of schools across the country will be filled with princes，princesses，and superheroes.In addition to costumes，school Halloween celebrations often include classroom parties and trick-or-treating.

37 They also say that dressing up in costumes allows kids to express themselves and show off their creativity.

38 officials at many of those schools say the celebrations are too time-consuming（費時的）and takeaway class time.They also point out that kids who can't afford costumes or who don't celebrate Halloween for cultural reasons feel left out.For example，Seth Boyden Elementary School in Maplewood，New Jersey，canceled its Halloween celebration last year.Officials at the school said that in the past，many students stayed home on that day.

39 Bree picower，a Professor of Early and Elementary Education at Montclair State，said，"Maple wood is a wonderful example of a school being responsive to society.Many schools plan to learn from it.Schools are places where students should feel included.'

Parents in Maplewood had different opinions of this policy，some said that the new no-Halloween policy was a welcome change. 40

A.It brings a lot of safety problems.

B.Experts say Maplewood is not alone.

C.Many people dislike these costumes.

D.Each year there are millions of Americans celebrating the holiday.

E.But more and more schools have canceled Halloween celebrations in recent years.

F.Many teachers，parents，and students see these celebrations as a fun break from the school day.

G.And others said that it was unfair that their children are now not allowed to celebrate Halloween in school.

語篇解讀：本文是議論文，文章主要討論了學校設不該取消萬圣節慶典活動。

36.D[根據下一 句“Many schools also celebrate the holiday"可如設空處也與celebrate the holiday有關，故選D項。]

37.F[根據下一 們"They also say that...and show olther ertviy “可知，他們還認為萬圣節慶典活動可以為孩子們帶來表露心聲、展示創造力的機會。F項（許多老師、家長和學生們把這些慶典活動看作有趣的假期）與之銜接緊密。]

38.E[根據下一句“officials at many of those schools...take away class time."可知，這些學校的官員認為萬圣節活動浪費時間，所以他們取消了萬圣節慶典活動。故選E.]

39.B[根據下文中的“Many schools plan to learn from it.”可知，梅普爾伍德的學校取消萬圣節慶典活動的做法并不是個例。故選B.]

40.G[根據上句中的“Parents in Maplewood had different opinions of this policy”可知，家長們對取消萬圣節活動的政策持不同的觀點。選項G：“And others said that...”與上句中“some said that..."形成對比。]

四、教學總結

在寫感悟的環節，筆者驚訝地發現，大多數孩子竟然都提到這是他們這十幾年來第一次過萬圣節，以前都是看看聽聽，更別說制作南瓜燈了。所以，這讓筆者覺得這是一個很好的文化交融和弘揚中國文化的好時機。雖然是萬圣節專題復習課，但是仍然有同學感悟到：萬圣節在傳到中國以后被歪曲了，所以大家只是為了玩而沒有任何文化含義。筆者緊接著評論道，最近這幾年，隨著國人受教育水平的提高和國家正面積極地引導，使許多人能夠理性認識外國文化，杜絕盲從。這得益于中國力量的強大，和中國人的素質發展！

筆者希望，英語教育者能秉承培養有國家情懷的學生這一目標，為黨育人，為國育才！