王旭文 劉麗 孔憲輝 王娟 余渝



摘要:新疆是我國最大的優質棉產區,轉Bt抗蟲棉能有效控制棉鈴蟲的蔓延和發生。為快速有效的培育出適應新疆的優質抗蟲棉,利用6個當地早熟棉品種(系)和5個抗蟲棉品種(系),按照不完全雙列雜交(NCII)設計配制30個雜交組合,分析了親本的配合力和雜交組合的雜種優勢。結果表明:親本一般配合力較好的親本為B2、B4、A4、A6,特殊配合力較好的組合是A1×B4、A2×B1、A3×B1、A4×B3、A5×B2、A6×B3;多數農藝性狀雜種優勢明顯,其中始果枝位高度正向優勢明顯;在品質性狀中除馬克隆值為負向優勢外,其余都為正向優勢。研究結果表明,可以通過雜種優勢選擇來解決新疆機采棉始果枝著生位的高度較低和新疆棉花馬克隆值等級不高等問題。
關鍵詞:早熟陸地棉;轉Bt基因棉;雜種優勢;配合力
中圖分類號:S562.035.1? ? 文獻標識碼:A? ? 文章編號:2095-3143(2020)05-0030-10
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.2095-3143.2020.05.004
Abstract: Xinjiang is the largest high-quality cotton production region in China. Transgenic Bt cotton can effectively control the spread and occurrence of bollworm. In order to breed new transgenic insect-resistant cotton varieties adapted to Xinjiang rapidly and effectively, this study used 6 local early maturing cotton varieties (lines) and 5 transgenic Bt cotton varieties (lines), made 30 hybrid combinations according to incomplete diallel cross (NCII) design, analyzed the combining ability of parents and heterosis of hybrid combinations. The results showed that the parents with good general combining ability were B2, B4, A4 and A6. The better combination of special combining ability is: A1×B4, A2×B1, A3×B1, A4×B3, A5×B2, A6×B3. The heterosis of most agronomic traits was obvious, among the height of first branch was significant positive advantage. The quality traits were all positive? heterosis, except for the micronaire. The results lay a theoretical foundation for breeding high quality insect-resistant cotton for Xinjiang. The selection of heterosis can be used to solve the problems of low height of first branch and low grade value of micronaire in xinjiang cotton.
Key words: Early maturing upland cotton; Transgenic Bt cotton; Heterosis; Combining ability
0? 引言
棉花是我國重要的經濟作物,而新疆是我國最大優質棉產區。20多年來新疆的植棉面積和產量居全國各省區之首。目前,新疆棉花的種植面積占到了全國的75%,棉花的產量占到了全國的85%[1]。北疆植棉區是優質棉的主產區,該地區日照豐富、海拔較低、夏季溫度高,但存在有效積溫不足(大約3600℃)和無霜期短(大約180天)的問題。該地區要求推廣棉花品種生育期在120天左右,近年來機采棉的大面積推廣對棉花的生育期要求更加嚴格,所以在北疆地區推廣的棉花品種多為自育早熟陸地棉。
轉Bt基因抗蟲棉育成和推廣,有效地控制了棉鈴蟲的蔓延和發生,穩定了我國棉花生產,其經濟效益、生態效益和社會效益十分顯著,推廣速度十分迅速[2]。……