中學生英語寫作能力的研究與實踐探索

江美云

【摘要】在初中英語教學中，如何做到突破教學難點，有效地提高初中生寫好英語作文的能力？筆者認為，首先要讓學生明白英語書面表達評分標準，明規矩而后有方圓;其次要教會學生寫好英語作文的一般技巧，利其器而后善其事，掌握英語作文“審、列、整、加、連、美”六字技巧;最后輔之以多讀多練多改多用。

【關鍵詞】英語教學;書面表達;評分標準;六字技巧

在初中英語教學中，書面表達既是教學的重點，也是教學的難點。在英語學習中，學生最怕的恐怕就是書面表達了。因此，如何在教學中有效地突出重點，突破難點，是很值得每一位英語教師去探討的課題。在當前的教育形勢下，深入分析并指導初中生寫好英語作文則是促進初中英語教學質量提升的重要手段，如何有效地提高初中生英語寫作的能力呢？筆者談談這兩年在這方面做的一些嘗試與實踐。

一、讓學生明白英語書面表達評分標準

“無規矩不成方圓”，不明白評分標準，則不知道文章的得失。要讓學生寫好作文，首先得讓學生明白英語書面表達的評分標準，讓學生有目標著手寫作。

總評：書面表達總分15分，要點分為7分，語言分為8分，這是根據河源市貧困山區學生的實際情況為提高學生學習英語的積極性和鼓勵學生大膽寫作而定的評分標準。在這個標準下，哪怕學生寫出中國式的英語也可以得分，如果文章要點齊全而且表達的意思不會有歧義的話，可得到7分;另外在語言分8分里，一個錯誤扣0.5分，重復錯誤不扣分。假設A同學按照書面表達要求寫全要點得7分，出現8個錯誤扣4分，語言分這一塊還有4分，那么A同學的作文最后得分是11分。這種評分標準，大大地激起了學生的學習欲望和寫作興趣。

細評：

第一檔：（13-15分） 審題正確，要點齊全;句式多樣詞匯豐富;語言準確，語意連貫，表達清楚，具有邏輯性。

第二檔：（9-12分） 審題正確，要點齊全;語言基本通順，語意基本連貫，表達基本清楚;雖然有少量語法錯誤，但不影響整體理解。

第三檔：（7-8分）審題正確，要點齊全;語法結構和詞匯錯誤較多，語言不夠通順，表達不夠清楚，但不影響要點的理解。

第四檔：（4-6分）與題目有關內容不多，只是簡單拼湊詞語或列出有要點，要點不齊全，語法錯誤多，句子不夠通順。

第五檔：（0-3分） 照抄原文，所寫內容難以理解，只是簡單拼湊詞語。

二、教會學生書面表達的寫作技巧

欲善其事，先利其器，讓學生明白評分標準后，接著讓他們掌握必要的寫作技巧。書面表達寫作技巧歸納總結如下六字：審、列、整、加、連、美。

1.審：審清題干中的人稱、時態、體裁和內容。

2.列：根據寫作內容列出要點。

3.整：整理列出的短語和句子，使之語法正確，意思通順。

4.加：加上文章的開頭和結尾。

5.連：恰當運用關聯詞連接句段，使文章層次清晰。

6.美：選好詞好句、諺語等來美化文章。

三、實踐操練

For example：

話題一? 個人情況

每個人心中都有偶像，不同的人對待偶像的態度也各不相同。有些人模仿偶像的一切，有些人則從偶像身上汲取營養，學習優點。請以“My idol”為題，寫一篇英語短文。內容包括：

1.你的偶像是誰？

2.你為什么崇拜他/她？

3.你從他/她的身上學到了哪些可貴的品質（至少兩點）？

作文要求：

1.不能照抄原文;不得在作文中出現學校的真實名稱和學生的真實姓名。

2.語句連貫，詞數80個左右。

寫作技巧：

1.審：

人稱：第三人稱單數;時態：一般現在時為主;體裁：夾敘夾議;內容：題干中的三點：（1）你的偶像是誰？（2）你為什么崇拜他/她？（3）你從他/她的身上學到了哪些可貴的品質（至少兩點）？

2.列：將第一步審的內容要點列出來

（1）Yuan Long ping

（2）devoted agricultural education and research

can speak English well，play the violin ，sing and swim

（3）keep on working hard without stopping.（鍥而不舍）

work in a down -to -earth way.（腳踏實地）

3.整：將第二步列的內容要點整理成句子（主謂賓/表）。

My idol is Yuan Long ping .

Because he devoted agricultural education and research.

He can speak English well，play the violin ，sing and swim.

I have learned a lot from him .

He is keeping on working hard without stopping.

He works s in a down -to -earth way.

4.加：給文章加上開頭和結尾。

首：Maybe everyone has own idol，so do I .My idol is Yuan Long ping .

Because he? devoted agricultural education and research .

He can speak English well，play the violin ，sing and swim.

I have learned a lot from him .

He is keeping on working hard without stopping.

He works s in a down -to -earth way.

尾 ：I want to be a person like him when I grow up .

5.連：用not only...but also...，First ， Second等關聯詞去連接句子。

Maybe everyone has own idol，so do I .My idol is Yuan Long ping .

Because he not only devoted agricultural education and research but also can speak English well，play the violin ，sing and swim.

I have learned a lot from him . First ，he is keeping on working hard without stopping. Second，he works s in a down -to -earth way.

I want to be a person like him when I grow up .

6.美：利用定語從句去美化文章的開頭和結尾，首尾呼應;最后用一句諺語來總結全文。

Maybe everyone has own idol，so do I .My idol is Yuan Long ping who is named “Father of hybrid rice.”He is very popular with people all over the world.

I like him very much because he not only devoted agricultural education and research? but also can speak English well，play the violin ，sing and swim，I have learned a lot from him. First，he is keeping on working hard without stopping.Second，he works s in a down -to -earth way.

when I grow up，I want to be a person like him who always sets a good example for the young.I believe where there is a will，there is a way.

話題二? 家庭、朋友與周圍的人

朋友在我們的生活中十分重要，他們總是陪伴著我們。當我們快樂的時候，他們同我們一起快樂;當我們傷心的時候，他們想辦法逗我們開心。你最好的朋友是誰？請你以“My Best Friend”為題寫一篇短文，內容包括：

1.你的好朋友是誰，他/她有什么特點？

2.描述一件發生在你們之間的事情。

3.呼吁大家珍惜朋友。

作文要求：

1.不能照抄原文;不得在作文中出現學校的真實名稱和學生的真實姓名。

2.語句連貫，詞數80 個左右。開頭已給出，不計入總詞數。

寫作技巧：

1.審：

人稱：第三人稱單數;時態：一般現在時和一般過去時;體裁：夾敘夾議;內容：（1）你的好朋友是誰，他/她有什么特點？（2）描述一件發生在你們之間的事情。（3）呼吁大家珍惜朋友。

2.列：將第一步審的內容要點列出來

（1）Mary? beautiful? kind-hearted helpful

（2）have an English test

want to copy her paper，want to get good grades，

refuse，be angry with sb，be patient to do sth，help sb with/do sth.

（3）value friends

3.整：將第二步列的內容要點整理成句子（主謂賓/表）。

My best friend is Mary .She is beautiful and kind-hearted.She is always helpful.

One day，I had an English test，I wanted to get good grades，I wanted to copy her paper .She refused.I was angry with her .I didn't talk with her .She offered to say sorry to me .She was patient to help me with English.I was moved .I was thankful to her .

We should value our friends .

4.加：給文章加上開頭和結尾。

首：Friends are very important in our life. They are always with us. My best friend is Mary .She is beautiful and kind-hearted.She is always helpful.

One day，I had an English test，I wanted to get good grades，I wanted to copy her paper .She refused.I was angry with her .I didn't talk with her .She offered to say sorry to me .She was patient to help me with English.I was moved .I was thankful to her .

尾：Friendship is the best thing in our life.We should value our friends.

5.連：用in order to，but，the next day，so …that…，since then等關聯詞去連接句子。

Friends are very important in our life. They are always with us. My best friend is Mary .She is beautiful and kind-hearted.She is always helpful.

One day，I had an English test.In order to get good grades，I wanted to copy her paper.But she refused.I was so angry with her that I didn't talk with her.The next day，she offered to say sorry to me .She was patient to help me with English.I was so moved that I was thankful to her.

Friendship is the best thing in our life.We should value our friends .

6.美：用定語從句、諺語去美化文章。

Friends are very important in our life that are always with us. My best friend Mary who is a beautiful and kind -hearted girl and always ready to help those who are in need.

One day， I had an English test，I wanted to copy her paper to get good grades，but she refused.I was so angry that I didn't talk with her .The next day，she offered to say sorry to me and was patient to help me with English.I was so moved that I was thankful to her. Since then，we became good friends.

A friend in need is a friend indeed.The best thing in our life that is friendship. we should value our friends.

通過教會學生掌握“審、列、整、加、連、美”六字寫作技巧，學生的英語寫作興趣和寫作能力大大提高，有效地突破了英語教學的難點。當然，要寫好作文的前提是得教會學生掌握好初中英語的五種簡單的基本句型。俗話說：“讀書破萬卷，下筆如有神。”英語寫作總的來說脫離不了閱讀和練習的范疇，只有多讀多寫多練多改多用，才能提高英語寫作能力。