張艷嬌 楊玲 向潤清 黃寬 方山丹 范源 朱培芳



摘要:目的?研究并分析β-PGG、3GG、GA、PA等在不同pH磷酸鹽緩沖液中的含量變化及β-PGG水解產物分析情況。方法?采用經典恒溫法考察β-PGG、GA、PA在不同pH緩沖液(pH=2、3、4、5、6、7、8)中的水解情況,用RP-HPLC法在同一色譜條件下對β-PGG水解產物進行分析及含量測定。結果?在同一色譜條件下發現β-PGG分解為GA和少量3GG之外,同時考察了GA在不同緩沖溶液中的產物分析,發現GA可生成少量3GG及PGG,未見PA分解。結論?β-PGG及GA、PA在不同pH條件下的含量變化反映了不同酸堿度對β-PGG水解反應的影響;本實驗也發現β-PGG可分解為GA,3GG;GA在一定的條件下會合成3GG及β-PGG。目前文獻多報道β-PGG的合成,其在不同PH條件下分解的產物及產物含量變化的研究報道較少,本研究有助于了解β-PGG的化學穩定性及其分解產物的相關性,可為進一步研究β-PGG的理化特性及鞣質類中藥的養護、儲存、加工及臨床應用提供一定參考。
關鍵詞:β-PGG;1,3,6-Tri-O-galloylglucose;沒食子酸;焦性沒食子酸;pH緩沖液;水解反應
中圖分類號:R285?文獻標志碼:A?文章編號:1007-2349(2020)08-0054-05
【Abstract】Objective: To study and analyze the content changes and β-PGG hydrolysates of β-PGG, 3GG, GA and PA in different pH phosphate buffers.?Methods: The classic constant temperature method was used to investigate the hydrolysis of β-PGG, GA, and PA in different pH buffers (pH=2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8).?The RP-HPLC method was used under the same chromatographic conditions.?Results: Under the same chromatographic conditions, it was found that β-PGG was decomposed into GA and a small amount of 3GG.?At the same time, the product analysis of GA in different buffer solutions was investigated and GA was found to generate a small amount of 3GG and PGG, and no PA decomposition was seen.?Conclusion: The content changes of β-PGG, GA and PA under different pH conditions reflect the influence of different pH on the hydrolysis reaction of β-PGG.?This experiment also find that β-PGG can be decomposed into GA and 3GG and GA under certain conditions can synthesize 3GG and β-PGG.?At present, the literature mostly reports the synthesis of β-PGG, and few research reports on its decomposition products and product content changes under different pH conditions.?This study helps to understand the chemical stability of β-PGG and the correlation of its decomposition products and can provide a reference for further research on the physical and chemical properties of β-PGG and the maintenance, storage, processing and clinical application of tannin Chinese medicine.
【Key words】β-PGG, 1,3,6-Tri-O-galloylglucose, gallic acid, pyrogallic acid, pH buffer, hydrolysis reaction
1,2,3,4,6-五-O-沒食子酰基葡萄糖(1,2,3,4,6-penta-O-galloyl-β-D-glucose,β-PGG)屬天然水解類鞣質,是單寧類中最有效的抗氧化劑之一,來自于多種藥用植物,如五倍子、芍藥、余甘子等。β-PGG具有廣泛的生物活性和藥理活性,如抗炎癥、抗氧化、抗糖尿病等作用[1-4],其能通過誘導細胞凋亡[5]、防止突變、轉移和新生血管生成[6-8]。β-PGG在治療各種癌癥方面具有良好效應,包括肝癌[9-10]、乳腺癌[11]、結腸癌[12-13]、腎癌[14]和前列腺癌[15-16]等。β-PGG對癌細胞的選擇性殺傷作用極其重要,它抗腫瘤和抗糖尿病等作用需要進一步探索以充分發揮其潛力,故研究β-PGG及其水解產物的化學特性及藥效學特性有較為重要的意義。
β-PGG是5個沒食子酸與1個葡萄糖酯化反應的產物,在該反應過程中沒食子酸(gallic acid,GA)與葡萄糖上的羥基結合,逐步生成二沒食子酰葡萄糖、三沒食子酰葡萄糖、四沒食子酰葡萄糖和五沒食子酰葡萄糖,其在pH值為5~6范圍內較穩定,在pH值為7.0條件下分解[17]。β-PGG在酸、堿條件下水解過程與上述酯化過程相反,分解為1,3,6-Tri-O-galloylglucose(3GG),最終水解為GA。GA在五倍子、蘇木、金縷梅、茶葉、橡樹樹皮和其他植物中大量存在,具有清除自由基的能力,是一種優良的抗氧化劑,具有廣譜的治療作用,包括抗腫瘤[18-19]、抗炎[20-21]、抗肥胖[22]、抗菌和抗糖尿病[23-27]等。目前其主要藥用用途包括鎮痛劑、收斂劑和抗菌藥物,研究發現它和它的酯類衍生物可作為一種有價值的抗癌藥物[28-29]。焦性沒食子酸(Pyrogallol Acid,PA),又稱鄰苯三酚、焦醅酚、焦棓酸,是存在于許多植物果實中的天然多酚類化合物,其多應用于農藥、合成醫藥、顯影劑以及化學分析試劑等,是許多藥物的有效成分和重要的抗氧化劑;GA經過化學法脫羧反應后得PA,也可利用生物法在沒食子酸脫羧酶的作用下發生脫羧反應生成PA[30-31]。化學結構式見圖1。
本實驗將根據多酚類化合物的特性考察在同一HPLC色譜條件不同pH對β-PGG、GA分解和或合成產物及產物含量分析。
1?材料
1.1?試劑?甲醇(色譜純)、乙腈(色譜純)、甲醇(分析純)、磷酸(分析純)、磷酸氫二鈉(分析純)等購自云南丹赤貿易有限公司;純凈水購自杭州娃哈哈集團有限公司。1,2,3,4,6-五-O-沒食子酰葡萄糖(委托成都普瑞法科技開發公司從五倍子中提取,共2.5g,含量≥98%)成都普瑞法科技開發有限公司;1,3,6-Tri-O-galloylglucose(批號:CFN95043,含量≥98%),武漢天植生物技術有限公司;沒食子酸對照品(批號:16081904,含量≥98%),四川省維克奇生物科技有限公司;焦性沒食子酸對照品(批號:16052801,含量≥98%),上海源葉生物科技有限公司。
1.2?儀器?Agilent 1200系列高效液相色譜儀(VWD 紫外檢測器),美國安捷倫公司;FA1004N型1/1萬電子分析天平,上海菁海儀器有限公司;YL-080ST型超聲清洗機,深圳市語路清洗設備有限公司;酸度計,梅特勒-托利多儀器有限公司;數顯恒溫水浴鍋,北京永光明醫療儀器廠。
2?方法
2.1.1?磷酸鹽緩沖液的配制?A液:取磷酸10mL,加純化水至100mL,搖勻。B液:稱取磷酸氫二鈉7.2g,加純化水使溶解成100mL。分別取不同體積的A,B液用酸度計調pH值到2、3、4、5、6、7、8,分別置于50mL容量瓶中,備用。
2.1.2?對照品溶液的制備?分別精密稱取對照品β-PGG 2.3mg,3GG 2.2mg,GA 3.1mg,PA 2.6mg置于10mL容量瓶中,用甲醇溶解定容至刻度,搖勻,備用。
2.1.3?供試品溶液的制備?考察β-PGG、GA在pH為3、4、5、6、7、8時的緩沖液分解產物。稱取β-PGG、GA對照品各2.6mg分別于12個10mL容量瓶中,超聲使其溶解之后,置于60℃~65℃水浴鍋上保存12h后用微孔濾膜(0.45μm)濾過,即得供試品溶液。
2.1.4?色譜條件?色譜柱ZORBAX SB-C18柱(4.6×250mm,5μm);柱溫25℃;檢測波長280nm;流速1mL/min;進樣量10μL;乙腈和0.1%磷酸梯度洗脫,洗脫程序見表1。
2.1.5?測定不同pH條件下β-PGG、GA分解和或合成產物的含量變化?使用色譜柱ZORBAX SB-C18柱(4.6×250mm,5μm),按表4色譜條件,取2.2.1對照品分別2、4、6、8、10、12、14、16μL不同體積進樣,以其峰面積(Y)對其標準品的質量(X)測得β-PGG、3GG、GA、PA的線性范圍如表5所示,其精密度分別為1.14、1.14、1.54、1.53%;同時測定2.2.2供試品溶液的含量變化如表6所示。
實驗結果發現,同一色譜條件不同pH條件下,β-PGG可分解為3GG、GA,未見PA分解;GA也可分解,同時觀察到GA在一定的pH情況下還會合成3GG、β-PGG,未見PA分解,見圖3。
3?結果與討論
3.1?實驗結果?根據實驗結果可知β-PGG在酸性條件下較為穩定,隨著pH增大,其分解較快,結合第二部分實驗,pH越大,分解生成3GG、GA的含量也增加;對于GA,酸性條件時,含量變化不大,至但隨著pH增大,其降解生成3GG、β-PGG的含量隨之增大,但pH為8時,未見任何化合物的生成,這可能與酸堿度對其影響較大,故迅速降解有關。
3.2?存在問題及展望?本次實驗應用同一色譜條件將β-PGG、3GG、GA、PA分解出來,但是峰形還需進一步改善;其次,本實驗過程發現GA在隨著pH增大時,其顏色逐漸變為綠色、深綠色,在60℃加熱12h后,其顏色未發生較大變化,沒有考察加熱對其分解的影響,之后還應改進實驗設計方案。
β-PGG、GA存在于多種鞣質類中藥,研究不同酸堿度對其影響有助于了解β-PGG、GA的化學穩定性、提高其生物利用度,為進一步研究β-PGG的理化性質,將其更好地用于臨床及鞣質類中藥的養護、儲存、加工及臨床應用提供一定參考依據。
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(收稿日期:2020-06-26)