張鎧鵬 續創業 朱曉惠 王甲璽 黨翼 張建軍



摘要:2019年對從不同生態區引進的11個玉米品種的生育期、植株性狀、產量及籽粒直收質量指標(破籽率、雜質率、機械損失率)進行評價。結果表明,強盛12、隴單606、先玉335和陜單650適宜在隴東旱塬區作為籽粒機收玉米品種。
關鍵詞:隴東旱塬區;耐密;籽粒機收;粒收質量
中圖分類號:S513? ? ? ? 文獻標志碼:A? ? ? ? 文章編號:1001-1463(2020)09-0047-05
doi:10.3969/j.issn.1001-1463.2020.09.012
Abstract:With family health Pinellia ternata, hairiness and rot as materials, The separation, purification, microscopic examination, reconnection and drug sensitivity tests of Fusarium oxysporum and Erwiniella which caused Pinellia rottensis were carried out. The results showed that the isolates of Fusarium oxysporum were isolated from the Pinellia ternata and Pinellia ternata, and the Erwinia spp. were isolated from the Pinellia ternata and rotten Pinellia. The test of two bacteria showed that the incidence of Fusarium oxysporum was 0, the incidence rate of Pinellia ternata was 75%, the incidence rate of Erwinia rot was 20%, and the germination rate of Pinellia ternata was 60%, and inoculated with Fusarium oxysporum first, and with Erwiniella after 3 days. The incidence rate of rot disease was 90% after inoculation with Erwinia spp., and the germination rate of Pinellia ternate was 20%. Through drug sensitivity test and pot experiment, it was found that Fusarium oxysporum was sensitive to three azole pesticide, and that Erwinia was sensitive to allicin and had good control effect. Conclusion: the canker of Pinellia ternata is caused by the compound infection of Fusarium oxysporum and Erwinia.
Key words:Erwinia;Fusarium oxysporum;Co-infection;Pinellia ternate rot
玉米作為隴東旱塬區的第二大作物,其產量對糧食總產有很大貢獻,由于本地區傳統種植以稀植大穗、生育期長的玉米品種為主,密度一般在4.50萬~5.25萬株/hm2,平均密度4.9萬株/hm2,距密植6.0萬~7.5萬株/hm2尚有差距[1 - 2 ]。玉米收獲仍以人工摘穗收獲為主,機械穗收為次,兩者都經晾干后人工或者機械脫粒,存在生產勞動成本高、經濟效益低等問題[3 ]。機械粒收可有效提高作業效率,降低生產成本,是未來玉米生產轉方式、增效益的主要方向,因此篩選適宜隴東地區全膜雙壟溝播的機械粒收耐密玉米成為調整當地玉米種植結構,助力農民增收的首要問題[4 - 5 ]。我們于2019年在甘肅省涇川縣平涼市農業科學院高平試驗站進行玉米品種篩選試驗,現將結果報道如下。
1? ?材料與方法
1.1? ?供試材料
參試玉米品種11個,包括新玉108(新疆農業科學院糧食作物研究所)、MC703(北京市農林科學院玉米中心)、九圣禾2468(九圣禾種業股份有限公司)、陜單650(西北農林科技大學)、瑞普909(山西現代種業科技有限公司)、強盛12(山西強盛種業有限公司)、聯創825(北京聯創種業股份有限公司)、陜單606(甘肅省農業科學院作物研究所)、銀玉439(寧夏農林科學院作物研究所)、銀玉274(寧夏農林科學院作物研究所)、先玉335(敦煌種業先鋒良種有限公司)。
1.2? ?試驗區概況
試驗在平涼農業科學院高平試驗站進行。該地區海拔1 320 m,年均氣溫9.3 ℃,年均降水量583.5 mm,年蒸發量1 384 mm,無霜期172 d。試驗地土壤為覆蓋黑壚土, 無灌溉條件。
1.3? ?試驗方法
按全膜雙壟溝技術規范(寬壟70 cm、窄壟40 cm)機械覆膜種植,控釋氮肥(折算為N 225.0 kg/hm2)、磷肥(折算為P2O5 180.0 kg/hm2)和農家肥(折算為N 48.0 kg/hm2、P2O5 13.6 kg/hm2、K2O 840.0 kg/hm2)覆膜前一次性基施,每個品種按照75 000株/hm2播種,生育期不再追施氮肥。每品種種植0.133 hm2。4月23日種植,10月19日收獲。