陜西省漢中療養院住院麻風康復者綜合健康狀況調查評價

李峰濤

【摘 要】 目的：探討并評價住院麻風康復者的綜合健康狀況。方法：調查2016年5月至2017年7月在本院進行治療的麻風患者100例，讓患者填寫自測問卷，記錄多菌型麻風康復者與少菌型麻風康復者的例數及畸殘等級狀況，并統計兩種菌型麻風康復者的主要畸殘部位及各個部位形成的表現。結果：多菌型麻風康復者比少菌型麻風康復者多，且兩種菌型康復者的二級畸殘率最高（P<0.05）。兩種菌型麻風康復者的主要畸殘部位為手部、足部與眼部，并且會形成爪型手、足底潰瘍、兔眼等表現（P<0.05）。結論：住院的麻風病患者在康復過程中，畸殘狀況不容樂觀，二級畸殘率較高，要合理有效地對麻風康復者的綜合健康狀況進行及時的調查，完善康復的手段，加強對康復者的護理。

【關鍵詞】 住院麻風康復者;綜合健康狀況;調查評價

Investigation and evaluation of comprehensive health status of leprosy survivors in Hanzhong Sanatorium of Shaanxi province

Li fengtao

Shaanxi Hanzhong Sanatorium， leProsy Prevention and control， Hanzhong，Shaanxi 723000

[Abstract] Objective：To explore and evaluate the comprehensive health status of patients who recovered from leprosy in hospital. Methods： A total of 100 cases of leprosy patients treated in our hospital from May 2016 to July 2017 were investigated. Patients were asked to fill in a self-test questionnaire， and the cases and teratodisability grades of the patients who recovered from bacterial leprosy and the patients who recovered from less bacterial leprosy were recorded， and the main teratodefects and the formation of various parts of the two types of bacterial leprosy were counted. Results： There were more patients who were cured of leprosy with more bacteria than those who were cured of leprosy with less bacteria， and the rate of secondary teratodisability was the highest （P<0.05）. The main deformed parts of the patients who recovered from the two types of leprosy were hands， feet and eyes， and the manifestations of claw hand， foot ulcer and rabbit eyes were also formed （P<0.05）. Conclusion： In the rehabilitation process of hospitalized leprosy patients， the teratological disability status is not optimistic， the rate of secondary teratological disability is high， it is necessary to reasonably and effectively carry out a timely investigation of the comprehensive health status of leprosy patients， improve the means of rehabilitation， and strengthen the nursing of the patients.

[Key words]Hospitalized lepers; Comprehensive health status; Investigation and evaluation

麻風病是由麻風桿菌引起的一種慢性傳染病，它是由遺傳、環境等多種內外在因素共同導致的，通過抑制人體細胞免疫導致發病，主要侵犯皮膚黏膜、周圍神經干以及內臟器官，早期主要表現為感覺障礙，再發展表現為周圍神經感覺麻木等，嚴重的還會導致手部、足部或眼部殘疾。最近幾年來，對麻風患者進行有效的康復在臨床領域得到較大的關注度[1]。伴隨著人民生活水平、醫療水平的進步和麻風康復活動的開展，對麻風患者的康復取得了有效的進展，使麻風患者的綜合健康狀況得到了顯著的改善。本文作者選擇2016年5月至2017年7月在本院進行治療的麻風患者100例，對麻風康復者的綜合健康狀況進行探究與分析，報道如下。

1 資料與方法

1.1 一般資料

調查2016年5月至2017年7月在本院進行治療的麻風患者100例，讓所選患者填寫身體狀況自測問卷，其中多菌型麻風康復者70例，年齡48～61歲，平均年齡（55.23±6.45）歲。少菌型麻風康復者30例，年齡49～63歲，平均年齡（56.16±9.57）歲。患者均知情并同意本研究，一般資料具有可比性（P>0.05）。