microRNA在非酒精性脂肪性肝病中的研究進展

梅迪華 杜國平

【摘要】 非酒精性脂肪性肝病（non-alcoholic fatty liver disease，NAFLD）是指除外酒精、病毒感染及其他明確病因所致的以肝實質細胞脂肪變性和脂肪貯積為主要特征的臨床病理綜合征。隨著人們生活水平的不斷提高，NAFLD的發病率明顯升高。目前NAFLD已成為世界上最常見的慢性肝臟疾病，嚴重威脅人們的健康，但其發病機制尚不明確。微小RNA（microRNA，miRNA）是長度約為22個核苷酸的具有調控功能的內源性非編碼RNA，miRNA與NAFLD中的脂質代謝、胰島素抵抗、炎癥反應、細胞凋亡、纖維化等環節有著密不可分的關系。本文主要就miRNA在NAFLD發生發展過程中發揮的重要作用做一綜述，以期未來成為NAFLD新的診斷指標及治療靶點。

【關鍵詞】 microRNA 非酒精性脂肪性肝病 差異性表達

Advances in the Study of microRNA in Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease/MEI Dihua， DU Guoping. //Medical Innovation of China， 2020， 17（02）： -168

[Abstract] Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease （NAFLD） refers to a clinicopathic syndrome characterized by alcoholic， viral infection and other definite causes of hepatic parenchymal cell steatosis and fat storage. With the continuous improvement of peoples living standards， the incidence of NAFLD has increased significantly. At present， NAFLD has become the most common chronic liver disease in the world， which is a serious threat to peoples health， but its pathogenesis is still unclear. microRNA （miRNA） is endogenous non-coding RNA with regulatory functions， which is approximately 22 nucleotides in length. Studies have shown that miRNA has a close relationship with lipid metabolism， insulin resistance， inflammation， apoptosis， and fibrosis in NAFLD. This article reviews the important role of miRNA in the development of NAFLD， in the hope of becoming a new diagnostic indicator and therapeutic target for NAFLD in the future.

[Key words] microRNA Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease Differential expression

First-authors address： Graduate School of Guangdong Medical University， Zhanjiang 524000， China

doi：10.3969/j.issn.1674-4985.2020.02.042

非酒精性脂肪性肝病（non-alcoholic fatty liver disease，NAFLD）是指除外酒精、病毒感染及其他明確病因所致的以肝實質細胞脂肪變性和脂肪貯積為主要特征的臨床病理綜合征，疾病譜包括單純性脂肪肝（non-alcoholic simple fatty liver disease，NAFL）、非酒精性脂肪肝炎（non-alcoholic steatohepatitis，NASH）、肝硬化和肝癌[1]。近年來，世界各地NAFLD發病率均在升高，全世界NAFLD的患病率為25.24%[2]，其中北美洲24.1%，歐洲23.7%，NAFLD已成為世界上最常見的慢性肝臟疾病。隨著我國經濟的不斷發展，人民生活水平的不斷提高，生活習慣和飲食結構發生巨大改變，且NAFLD常常和肥胖、胰島素抵抗、2型糖尿病、脂代謝紊亂、高血壓等合并存在，使我國NAFLD的發病率大大提高，目前我國NAFLD患病率為20.09%，上海等華東地區NAFLD患病率竟高達43.3%[3]，這對我國人民的健康造成巨大危害。

目前對NAFLD的發病機制尚不清楚，“二次打擊”學說是目前受到廣泛認同的經典發病機制。……