摘? 要:糧食安全問題一直是我國政府關注的頭等大事。我國的高標準農田建設自提出以來,就面臨著許多難題,如建設時間緊、任務重、規劃難度高等。高標準農田建設項目的規劃是建設當中需要關注的重點,科學的規劃對建設高標準農田具有重要推動作用。無人機等航拍器的發展為建設高標準農田提供了技術支持,在對項目的勘測、繪制的過程中,發揮著重要作用。該文主要從高標準農田建設項目中的地形測繪出發,對其要求進行深入分析,并提出航拍測量技術在高標準農田建設當中應用的方法。
關鍵詞:航拍測量技術? 高標準農田? 建設? 研究
中圖分類號:P258? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?文獻標識碼:A? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 文章編號:1672-3791(2020)11(c)-0251-03
Application of Aerial Photogrammetry Technology in High Standard Farmland Construction Project
ZHENG Wenzhao
(Fujian Xinguodi Land Planning and Design Co., Ltd., Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350011 China)
Abstract: Food security has always been the top priority of the Chinese government. The construction of high standard farmland in China has been faced with many problems since it was put forward, such as tight construction time, heavy tasks and high difficulty in planning. The planning of high standard farmland construction project is the focus of construction, and scientific planning plays an important role in promoting the construction of high standard farmland. The development of aerial cameras such as UAV provides technical support for the construction of high standard farmland, and plays an important role in the process of project survey and mapping. In this paper, starting from the topographic mapping of high standard farmland construction project, the requirements are analyzed in depth, and the application method of aerial photogrammetry technology in high standard farmland construction is proposed.
Key Words: Aerial photogrammetry technology; High standard farmland; Construction; Research
1? 高標準農田建設項目規劃設計的要求
1.1 坐標系統及成圖精度
(1)坐標系統。坐標系統在選擇的時候要注意平面坐標系統與高程坐標系統的區別。平面坐標系統和高程坐標系統要根據國家的要求,采用適合的坐標基準。投影時需采用高斯-克呂格投影,按照3°進行分帶。
(2)地形、困難類別和成圖比例尺。首先,在設計農田的建設圖紙的過程中,需要關注測量區域當地的地形,通過對山地、平底、斜坡、丘陵等不同地形的合理劃分,合理計算施工工程量與工程難度。其次,選擇合適的成圖比例尺,比例尺選擇標準要根據當地建設面積合理選擇,等高距選擇基本為1 m。
(3)成圖精度。選擇好成圖比例尺后,需要控制成圖精度,控制平面圖中各點之間的誤差,平底、丘陵地區的誤差要不大于圖上標注的±6 mm;林區及無法進行航拍的陰影地區的誤差可按照需要,按規定放寬,一般可以2倍為最大誤差,并根據實際情況進行調整;山地地區的誤差需要控制在±8 mm。……