以健康理念出發：戴爾醫學區景觀設計

Sasaki事務所

戴爾醫學院及附屬教學醫院戴爾塞頓醫療中心地處奧斯汀中部德州大學奧斯汀分校校園。占地逾6.5 hm2的醫學區是市內最大的醫療衛生開發區的一部分，不僅為醫學院全院師生及訪客提供服務，更在校園景觀中創造出一片新風貌，立下全新的生態績效標準。

1 醫學區第一期工程實施著重在現有的路網和沃勒溪走廊The key organizing elements of the phase 1 medical district plan are the existing street grid and the Waller Creek corridor

戴爾醫學區的景觀設計過程是Sasaki及顧問團隊過去2年規劃工作的延續，項目團隊先后在2012—2014年為大學制定了校園總體規劃、醫學區總體規劃以及德州大學奧斯汀分校景觀總體規劃與設計導則。與之前的總體規劃項目一樣，戴爾醫學區的景觀設計同樣以多元包容、覆蓋廣泛的工作進程為方針。這樣一來，景觀開發和維護人員以及項目團隊之間早已確立的合作關系得以延續，為項目帶來最大裨益。

2012—2014年期間制定的總體規劃方案皆以德州大學獨有的歷史文脈出發，在深度和廣度上對校園未來的拓展和優化進程奠定框架。以醫療衛生為焦點的校區成功落實，充分反映了總體規劃的全面愿景—即打造一個融會貫通、滿足醫療衛生用途的區域，復興沃勒溪（Waller Creek）走廊，以及加強區域與奧斯汀市的連接。曾被荒廢的沃勒溪重新被視為校區的重要資產和開放空間，發揮關鍵的連接作用?；謴臀掷障尼t學區段是將其納入廣域校園景觀的首要一步，這對景觀的視覺美感和實際功能都是必不可少的舉措。

在歷時一年半的沃勒溪復興過程中，多種措施得到實施，其中包括在附近的自然保護區種植一個參照植物群落，移除外來入侵植物，穩固河岸，以及恢復原生河岸和高地植被的多樣性。團隊實際開展的工作涵蓋建造雨水花園，并在重要區域進行土壤修復。這些工作一旦確立到位，校園的大多數景觀區域將無須依賴人工灌溉。

街道景觀和廣場區的設計除了鼓勵人際互動，更將校園與周邊城市環境聯系起來。醫學區的景觀規劃旨在強化生態系統服務，成為一個具有抗災力且易于維護的景觀典范。雨水花園、透水鋪裝、雨水回收設備和綠色屋頂等多種融合雨水管理功能的基地設施，更讓訪客有機會認識和探索本地氣候和水文環境。

為在校園社區提倡身心健康的價值，項目其中一項措施是接收13株從美術學院主校區移栽過來的老橡樹。對歷史悠久的主校區而言，橡樹極具標志意義。橡樹優美形態及其帶來的許多生態價值使這種樹木備受喜愛，廣闊的樹蔭更在奧斯汀的氣候環境中發揮作用。移栽后的橡樹把美術校區濃厚的歷史氛圍延伸到簇新的醫療衛生校區，高聳林立的橡樹群體，為現代化的建筑增添絲絲綠意和平衡觀感。

2 戴爾醫學院位于占地面積178 hm2（440英畝）的德克薩斯大學奧斯汀分校的南端，是學校重點發展的區域之一。當前，德克薩斯大學奧斯汀分校的本科生人數為40 500人The Dell Medical Campus is located on the south edge of the 178 hm2 (440 acres) University of Texas at Austin campus.The medical campus is one of the major growth areas of the campus.Today, the undergraduate enrollment at UT Austin is 40,500

3 白天的德克薩斯大學奧斯汀分校醫學院UT Austin Dell Medical Campus during the day

4 建設前的沃勒溪走廊是一個被人遺忘并且未被開發的自然資產。走廊上曾經遍布的入侵植物現已被移除，為本土濱水植物群落提供了發展空間Prior to development, the Waller Creek corridor was a forgotten and unexploited natural asset.The corridor was overgrown with invasive vegetation which was removed to encourage a native riparian savanna plant community

5 夜幕中的德克薩斯大學奧斯汀分校醫學院UT Austin Dell Medical Campus at night

6 步行走廊兩側種植了愛德華玆高原以及黑土草原生物區的本土植物Pedestrian corridors are flanked with savanna vegetation native to the Edward’s Plateau and Blackland Prairie bioregions

獲得SITES金級認證的戴爾醫學區景觀設計方案，將德州大學奧斯汀分校的可持續場地開發標準推上新層次。憑借新設計的景觀元素，基地盡享以下各種實際好處：減少用水量、改善雨水質量、減少土壤侵蝕、提升棲息地價值以及提高景觀韌性。全新打造的開放空間使校園變得愜意舒適，以人為本，與周邊社區和環境緊密相連，充分反映項目的設計愿景。人類與環境作為同一個功能體系在新校園相互協作，一起構建更健康、更美滿的未來。

（編輯/遆羽靜）

項目名稱：戴爾醫學區景觀設計

項目位置：美國德州奧斯汀市

業主名稱：德克薩斯州大學奧斯汀分校

現況：2017年秋季完成

規模：逾6.5 hm2（16.2英畝）

服務范圍：景觀建筑

圖片來源：圖1～3、6～7、9～13來自Sasaki事務所；圖4～5來自Albert Vecerka；圖8來自戴爾醫學院

7 兩個廣場都被用于社交集會，其中一個廣場位于臨床樓與研究樓之間，連接了三一街與紅河街Two plaza spaces serve as social gathering spaces.One plaza is located between the clinical and research facilities and connects Trinity street to Red River Street

8 這些樹栽植于廣場下的土壤中，廣闊的樹冠為第17街廣場的休息空間提供了蔭蔽。該廣場的鋪裝使用了面板支撐機構Sitting areas at the 17th Street Plaza will be shaded by native canopy trees.The trees are planted in soil below the palza level.The plaza paving is supported by a deck support system

9 人行走廊兩側種植了愛德華茲高原和黑土草原生物區的稀樹草原鄉土植被。這張照片呈現出了種植著北美小須芒草的第17街步行走廊Pedestrian corridors are flanked with savanna vegetation native to the Edward’s Plateau and Blackland Prairie bioregions.This view shows the 17th Street pedestrian corridor planted with Little Bluestem (Schizacharium scoparium)

10 所有來自該基地的雨水都經由生態濕地凈化后再進入溪流系統All of the storm water from the development is treated in vegetated bioswales (foreground) that cleanse storm water before it enters the creek system

11 建設前，13棵老橡樹被移植。 這些樹的胸徑在45.72～60.96 cm （18～24英寸）之間Prior to construction, 13 mature Live Oak trees were identified for transplanting.The trees averaged 45.72～60.96 cm(18～24 inches) in trunk diameter

12 在廣場和道路鋪裝區的樹都種植于被木板路面系統保護著的土壤之中Plaza and street trees in paved areas are planted in soils protected by a plank pavement system

The Dell Medical School and its teaching hospital, Dell Seton Medical Center, are part of a vibrant health district that is one of Austin’s largest development projects.The 6.5 hm2(16.2 acres)development is located in central Austin on the University of Texas campus—serving the faculty,staff, students and visitors of the Dell Medical School and setting a new image and ecological performance standard for the UT Austin landscape.

The design process for the Dell Medical District landscape was a seamless extension of two previous years of planning by Sasaki and the consultant team.The team had already developed the 2012 Campus Master Plan, the 2013 Medical District Master Plan, and the 2014 UT Austin Campus Landscape Master Plan and Design Guidelines.The development of the Dell Medical District landscape plan employed the same broad-based,inclusive process that characterized the preceding master plans, furthering established collaborations with those responsible for the development and maintenance of the campus landscape.

The 2012—2014 University master plans established a framework for campus growth and improvement unique in the campus’s history in scope and depth.The successful implementation of the Health Campus realized the master plan’s comprehensive vision for a coherent district of health-related uses, the reclamation of the Waller Creek corridor, and the strengthening of connections to the City of Austin.

Once neglected, Waller Creek is now celebrated as a campus asset and important connective open space.Reclaiming the medical district segment of the creek is a first step towards reintegration of this important visual and functional landscape feature into the larger campus.

Restoration of Waller Creek was an 18-month long process that included establishing a reference plant community at a nearby Nature Conservancy preserve, the removal of invasive species, stream bank stabilization and the re-vegetation of diverse native riparian and upland communities.The work involved the creation of rain gardens and the remediation of soils for significant areas.Once established, most areas of the campus landscape will not require irrigation.

Streetscapes and plaza areas encourage social engagement and connect the campus to its surrounding urban environment.The Medical District landscape plan is designed to enhance ecosystem services and to be a model for a resilient and affordable-to-maintain landscape.Stormwater management features were designed as site amenities to connect visitors to the local climate and hydrology—through a combination of rain gardens, pervious pavers, rainwater harvesting, and a green roof.

The University’s commitment to the health and well-being of the campus community drove the project to undertake the relocation of 13 mature Live Oak trees.Live Oaks are emblematic features of the historic Beaux Arts main campus, beloved for their beauty and the many ecosystem benefits they provide, including welcome shade in the Austin climate.The transplanted Oaks extend the best aspects of the historic campus to the new Health Campus district.The majestic trees confer instant grace on developed areas, offsetting the presence of large heath care facilities.

The Dell Medical District landscape sets a new standard for sustainable site development on the UT Austin campus, achieving SITES Gold Certification.The reduction of water consumption, improved stormwater quality,reduced soil erosion, increased habitat value, and enhanced landscape resilience are tangible benefits of the new landscape.The overall design vision is expressed in the new open, inviting, and peoplecentered campus, connected to its environment and community.On the new campus, people and the environment work together as a functioning system, focused on improving health.

13 街道景觀的塑造中使用了一些本土的橡樹（Quercus polymorpha與 Quercus muhlenbergii）以及北美小須芒草（Schizacharium scoparium）Streetscapes are defined with plantings of native oak trees (Quercus polymorpha and Quercus muhlenbergii) and little bluestem prairie grass (Schizacharium scoparium)