Architects and Architecture

棉花糖

5月16日，著名建筑師貝聿銘逝世，享年102歲。貝聿銘這一生獲得榮譽(yù)無數(shù)，曾獲得法國建筑學(xué)金獎(jiǎng)（1981年）、第五屆普利茲克獎(jiǎng)（1983年）、美國前總統(tǒng)里根頒予的自由獎(jiǎng)?wù)拢?986年）、日本帝賞獎(jiǎng)（1989年）等。他設(shè)計(jì)的建筑物遍布世界各地，如法國盧浮宮、美國肯尼迪紀(jì)念圖書館、蘇州博物館……

Buildings are not just walls and rooftops （屋頂）. According to Ieoh Ming Pei， buildings carry on and show our culture.

建筑物不僅僅是墻壁和屋頂。貝聿銘認(rèn)為，建筑物能延續(xù)并展示我們?nèi)祟惖奈幕?/p>

For the past half-century， the Chinese-American has borrowed from many cultures in his designs.Pei designed the Suzhou Museum. It has white walls and a dark rooftop （粉墻黛瓦）. This makes it look like a classic Chinese garden. Another one of his works-the Museum of Islamic Art in Qatar （卡塔爾）-shows Arabian culture. It has traditional Arabian arch windows （阿拉伯拱形窗）. “Lasting architecture has to have roots （根），”Pei once said.

在過去的半個(gè)世紀(jì)里，這位華裔美國人在設(shè)計(jì)中借鑒了許多文化。貝聿銘設(shè)計(jì)的蘇州博物館，它粉墻黛瓦，看起來像一個(gè)經(jīng)典的中國花園。他的另一件作品——卡塔爾伊斯蘭藝術(shù)博物館——展示著阿拉伯的文化，博物館的窗戶是傳統(tǒng)的阿拉伯拱形窗戶。貝聿銘認(rèn)為，持久的建筑必須有根基。

Do you know？Architecture also has life. It can influence （影響） peoples behavior （行為） in some ways.For example， green architecture is popular these days. Every floor has lots of open space， and every open space is full of trees-the buildings look like vertical forests （垂直森林）. This design helps people relax and encourages them to go outside instead of staying inside all day long.

你知道嗎？建筑物也是有生命的，它會(huì)影響人們在某些方面的行為。例如，現(xiàn)在很流行綠色建筑，這些建筑的每一層都會(huì)有很多空地，每一個(gè)空地都長滿了樹——讓這些建筑看起來就像垂直森林一般。這種設(shè)計(jì)能幫助人們放松，并鼓勵(lì)人們走出去，而不是整天待在屋子里。

Buildings can truly influence us in a bigger way than we might think.After all，many of them have stood for hundreds of years.

建筑物能真正以比我們想象的更大的方式影響我們。畢竟，有許多建筑物已經(jīng)存在數(shù)百年了。

Frank Lloyd Wright，US 弗蘭克·勞埃德·賴特，美國

Wright might be the most important architect of the 20th century. Many people followed his designs and used his ideas.He thought all parts of a building should look like they belong together. He also thought buildings should be in harmony with （與……和諧） nature. One of his most famous works is called Falling Water （流水別墅）. It was built over a waterfall in a forest.

賴特可能是20世紀(jì)最重要的建筑師了。許多人追隨他的設(shè)計(jì)，運(yùn)用他的想法。他認(rèn)為建筑的所有部分應(yīng)該看起來是一體的。他還認(rèn)為建筑應(yīng)該與自然和諧。賴特最著名的作品之一叫流水別墅，它建在森林的瀑布上。

Zaha Hadid，UK 扎哈·哈迪德，英國

Few women succeed （成功） in becoming a world-famous architect. But Hadid did.Hadid was born into an Iraqi family in Baghdad and later moved to London. Many of her works make people think of UFOs，like the Galaxy SOHO in Beijing and the Beijing New Airport Terminal.

著名的女建筑師很少有，但哈迪德做到了。哈迪德出生在巴格達(dá)的一個(gè)伊拉克家庭，后來移居倫敦。她的許多作品會(huì)讓人想起不明飛行物，比如北京的銀河SOHO和北京新機(jī)場航站樓。

Antoni Gaudi， Spain 安東尼·高迪，西班牙

If one architect could be called the spokesman of a city， it might be Gaudi. All of his works are in Barcelona， Spain. Seven of them are UN World Cultural Heritage sites （聯(lián)合國世界文化遺產(chǎn)）.Gaudis works are ornate （華麗的） and full of imagination. The La Sagrada Familia （圣家族教堂） looks like a bunch of trees reaching up to the sky.

如果一個(gè)建筑師可以被稱為一個(gè)城市的發(fā)言人，那他可能就是高迪。他所有的作品都在西班牙巴塞羅那，其中7個(gè)是聯(lián)合國世界文化遺產(chǎn)。高迪的作品裝飾華麗且充滿想象力，圣家族教堂看起來就像一束樹枝伸向天空。