哈爾濱地區(qū)漢族青少年錯牙合患者Bolton指數(shù)測量分析

賀曉康　邵玶

[摘要]目的：采用哈爾濱地區(qū)青少年正常牙合Bolton指數(shù)作為研究標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，探討本地區(qū)各類錯牙合患者Bolton指數(shù)及Bolton指數(shù)不調(diào)的發(fā)生率，為臨床診斷和矯治設(shè)計提供參考。方法：選取2016年-2018年就診于哈爾濱醫(yī)科大學(xué)附屬口腔醫(yī)院正畸科的錯牙合畸形患者的石膏模型240副，年齡13～17歲，按照安氏分類法分為四組，分別為安氏Ⅰ類，安氏Ⅱ類1分類，安氏Ⅱ類2分類，安氏Ⅲ類，每組60例（30男，30女），測量并分析Bolton指數(shù)。結(jié)果：哈爾濱地區(qū)不同錯牙合患者Bolton指數(shù)前牙比、全牙比在性別上差異無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義（P>0.05）。安氏Ⅰ類和安氏Ⅱ2前牙比均小于安氏Ⅱ1，安氏Ⅱ2全牙比小于安氏Ⅲ類，差異具有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義（P<0.05）。哈爾濱地區(qū)錯牙合患者前牙比、全牙比不調(diào)發(fā)生率分別為33.75%、14.17%，不調(diào)發(fā)生率在不同錯牙合類型間無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義（P>0.05）。結(jié)論：不同安氏分類錯牙合患者的Bolton指數(shù)存在差異，Bolton指數(shù)不調(diào)在本地區(qū)有較高的發(fā)生率，錯牙合畸形患者診斷設(shè)計時應(yīng)重視Bolton指數(shù)分析。

[關(guān)鍵詞]錯牙合畸形;Bolton指數(shù);牙量不調(diào);安氏分類;模型測量

[中圖分類號]R783.5? ?[文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)志碼]A? ? [文章編號]1008-6455（2019）10-0134-04

Abstract： Objective To explore the Bolton index and the incidence of disordered Bolton index of different kinds of malocclusion patients in Harbin according to the normal teenager Bolton index of Harbin， which provides reference resources for clinical diagnosis and orthodontic design. Methods? Select 240 gypsum models of malocclusion patients aged between 13 and 17，who visited the orthodontics department of stomatological hospital in Harbin Medical University between 2016 and 2018. According to angle classification，the models were divided into class I malocclusion，Class Ⅱ division Ⅰmalocclusion，Class Ⅱ division Ⅱ malocclusion and Class Ⅲ malocclusion respectively， each group included 60 patients case （30 males and 30 females）. Measure and analysis the Bolton index.? Results? There is no statistics difference in anterior teeth ratio and overall teeth ratio in terms of gender according to the Bolton Index of malocclusion patients in Harbin. The anterior teeth ratio of class Ⅰ malocclusion and Class Ⅱdivision Ⅱ malocclusion are less than that of Class Ⅱ divisionⅠmalocclusion， which has statistics significance （P<0.05）. In addition， the overall teeth ratio of class II division Ⅱ malocclusion is less than Class Ⅲ malocclusion which has statistics significance （P<0.05）.The incidence rate of disordered Bolton Index of malocclusion patients in Harbin in terms of anterior teeth ratio and overall teeth ratio are 33.75% and 14.17% respectively. There is no statistics differnence among different kinds of malocclusion （P>0.05）. Conclusion? There is a difference in the Bolton index of different type angle classification malocclusion patients and high incidence rate of disordered Bolton rate in Harbin area. Therefore， the analysis the Bolton index of malocclusion patients is quite significance in clinical diagnosis and orthodontic design.

Key words：malocclusion; Bolton index; tooth size discrepancy; angle classifications; dental cast measurement

通過正畸矯治達(dá)到個別正常牙合的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，實現(xiàn)平衡、穩(wěn)定、美觀及協(xié)調(diào)的矯治目標(biāo)，獲得良好的牙合關(guān)系是口腔正畸醫(yī)師臨床診療中的追求及錯牙合患者的治療需要，上下頜牙冠寬度比例的協(xié)調(diào)是得到良好牙合關(guān)系的必要條件之一。Bolton指數(shù)[1]是分析上下頜牙冠寬度大小是否協(xié)調(diào)的指標(biāo)，目前廣泛應(yīng)用于正畸臨床，是用于診斷、矯治設(shè)計、預(yù)后評估的重要參考因素之一。我國于上世紀(jì)80年代建立了正常Bolton指數(shù)，但隨著近年研究的深入發(fā)現(xiàn)正常Bolton指數(shù)存在種族及地區(qū)差異[2-3]，我國各地區(qū)也存在差異。哈……