紀曉霞 李華 黃姿鳳

[摘要]目的:探究玻璃纖維樁氧化鋯全瓷冠與金屬樁鈷鉻烤瓷冠修復上前牙缺損的臨床及美學效果。方法:選擇2016年1月-2018年1月筆者醫院口腔科收治的上前牙缺損患者110例(共134顆患牙)作為研究對象,根據隨機數字法將患者分為兩組。觀察組:55例,采用玻璃纖維樁氧化鋯全瓷冠修復上前牙缺損;對照組:55例,采用金屬樁鈷鉻烤瓷冠修復上前牙缺損,并進行12個月的隨訪,比較兩組的修復成功率、滿意率、修復前后的牙體缺損處的菌斑指數、牙齦指數、齦溝液及齦溝液中酸性磷酸酶水平。結果:觀察組的修復成功率為98.18%,與對照組的94.55%相比較,無顯著性差異(P>0.05)。觀察組的修復滿意率98.18%,明顯高于對照組的85.45%(P<0.05);兩組修復后12個月的PLI無顯著性差異(P>0.05),觀察組修復后12個月的GI明顯小于對照組(P<0.05);觀察組修復后12個月的GCF、ALP水平與修復前比較無顯著性差異(P>0.05),對照組修復后12個月的GCF、ALP水平明顯高于修復前(P<0.05),觀察組修復后12個月的GCF、ALP水平明顯小于對照組(P<0.05)。 結論:玻璃纖維樁氧化鋯全瓷冠修復上前牙缺損,修復成功率高,對牙周組織損傷小,生物相容性佳,美學修復效果好,臨床滿意度更高。
[關鍵詞]玻璃纖維樁;氧化鋯全瓷冠;金屬樁;鈷鉻烤瓷冠;牙體缺損;修復
[中圖分類號]R783.4? ? [文獻標志碼]A? ? [文章編號]1008-6455(2019)10-0131-03
Abstract: Objective? To explore the clinical effect and aesthetic effect of zirconia all-ceramic crown with glass fiber post and cobalt-chromium porcelain crown for repairing upper anterior teeth defect. Methods 110 patients with upper front teeth defects (134 teeth) from January 2016 to January 2018 were selected as subjects. According to the random number method, the patients were divided into observation group 55 cases and control group 55. For example, the anterior teeth defect was repaired with glass fiber post zirconia all-ceramic crown and metal post cobalt-chromium porcelain crown, and 12 months follow-up was performed. The repair success rate, satisfaction rate and tooth body before and after repair were compared between the two groups. Plaque index, gingival index, gingival crevicular fluid and phosphatase levels in the gingival crevicular fluid at the defect. Results The success rate of repair in the observation group was 98.18% compared with 94.55% in the control group, and there was no significant difference (P>0.05). The repair satisfaction rate of the observation group was 98.18%, which was significantly higher than that of the control group (85.45%) (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in PLI between the two groups at 12 months after repair (P>0.05). The GI of the observation group at 12 months after repair was significantly lower than that of the control group (P<0.05). The levels of GCF and ALP in the observation group were not significantly different from those before the repair (P>0.05). The levels of GCF and ALP in the control group were significantly higher than those before the repair (P<0.05). The levels of GCF and ALP in the 12 months after repair were significantly lower than those in the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion? The zirconia all-ceramic crown of glass fiber post repairs the anterior teeth defect, the repair success rate is high, the damage to periodontal tissue is small,the biocompatibility is good,the aesthetic restoration effect is good, and the clinical satisfaction is higher.
Key words: glass fiber pile; zirconia all-ceramic crown; metal pile; cobalt-chromium porcelain crown; tooth defect; repair
牙體缺損不僅影響患者的正常咀嚼功能,還影響美容美觀。近年來,隨著生活水平的提高,人們對口腔的審美逐步提升,使口腔修復學迅速發展。全瓷修復的生物相容性好、形態逼真、色彩真實,在前牙修復中廣泛[1-2]。全瓷修復的材料多種,包括氧化鋯、白榴石及鋰基瓷等,其中氧化鋯機械性能好,對牙周組織刺激小,是理想的上前牙修復體[3-4]。本研究特選取了筆者醫院口腔科收治的上前牙缺損患者110例(患牙134顆)作為研究對象,探究玻璃纖維樁氧化鋯全瓷冠與金屬樁鈷鉻烤瓷冠修復上前牙缺損的修復及美學效果,現將結果報道如下。
1? 資料和方法
1.1 一般資料:選擇2016年1月-2018年1月筆者醫院口腔科收治的上前牙缺損患者110例(患牙134顆)作為研究對象。根據隨機數字法,將患者分為兩組。觀察組:55例,其中男31例,女24例,年齡19~38歲,平均年齡(27.3±2.6)歲,患牙69顆;對照組:55例,男30例,女25例,年齡18~39歲,平均年齡(27.5±2.4)歲,患牙65顆。兩組患者的性別、年齡、患牙數等一般資料比較,無顯著性差異,具有可比性(P>0.05)。本研究獲得醫院倫理委員會同意,所有患者及家屬均自愿參加本研究并簽署知情同意書。
1.2 納入和排除標準:納入標準:上前牙牙體缺損;咬合關系正常、患牙未松動,經完善根管治療,根管無欠缺,X線片檢查患牙牙根無根折、根尖周無進行性炎癥。排除標準:牙體缺損超過1/2,或累及齦下,患有急性牙周病、骨質疏松癥、糖尿病患者或齲齒嚴重者。
1.3 治療方法:觀察組:采用玻璃纖維樁氧化鋯全瓷冠修復。行樁道準備,腐蝕牙本質,保留5mm根尖封閉區。先將玻璃纖維樁置入根管,試樁后取出消毒、吹干。將玻璃離子水門汀粘接劑注入根管,插入玻璃纖維樁,進行光固化。備牙前先采用Vita16色比色板比色,使用硅膠取模,利用計算機軟件輔助設計、制作全瓷冠。全瓷冠先讓患者試戴,調整合適后酸蝕修復體表面組織,沖洗、吹干,調整咬合關系,使用粘接劑粘固后,拋光處理;對照組:采用金屬樁鈷鉻烤瓷冠修復。排盡根充材料,盡量保存健康牙體組織,根據X線片的患牙檢查結果,擴展根管至修復所需寬度和深度,硅橡膠取模,制作鈷鉻樁核,試戴合適后,消毒并吹干根管和鑄造樁核,將玻璃離子水門汀粘接劑注入根管,準確戴入鑄造樁核,消毒、粘接。兩組均由同一組醫生完成修復過程,修復后均行12個月隨訪。
1.4 療效評價
1.4.1 修復成功的標準:包括修復體完整性、邊緣密合性、牙齒形態、牙齦情況、牙齒顏色及邊緣著色等方面,見表1。
1.4.2 患者的滿意度評價:患者對修復的滿意情況采用自制的滿意度自評量表,主要對牙齒的顏色、外觀及形態等指標進行評價,總分為100分。滿意:評分≥80分;基本滿意:評分60~79分;不滿意:評分<60分。滿意率=(滿意+基本滿意)例數/總例數×100%。
1.4.3 牙體缺損牙周情況評價:分別檢測兩組修復前、修復后12個月的菌斑指數(plaque index,PLI)和牙齦指數(gingival index,GI),采用Silness和Loe的計分標準[5-6]。PLI評價標準:0級:齦緣區無菌斑;1級:齦緣區存在薄菌斑,視診不可見,但探針尖側面可刮出;2級:齦緣區或鄰面可見中等量菌斑;3級:齦緣區、齦溝內或鄰面可見大量軟垢。GI評價標準:0級:修復后,牙齦恢復正常;1級:修復后,牙齦稍有炎癥;2級:修復后,牙齦存在出血現象,炎癥狀態明顯;3級:修復后,牙齦存在自發性出血征兆,炎癥程度嚴重。
分別采集兩組修復前、修復后12個月的局部齦溝液,檢測齦溝液(Gingival crevicular fluid,GCF)量及酸性磷酸酶(acid phosphatase,ALP)水平。
1.5 統計學分析:采用SPSS 22.0統計學軟件進行數據分析,正態計量數據用“x?±s”表示,計數資料采用例數或百分比表示,兩組獨立、正態、方差齊資料組間比較采用t檢驗,樣本率的比較采用卡方檢驗,P<0.05為差異有統計學意義。
2? 結果
2.1 兩組的修復成功率比較:觀察組修復失敗1例、成功54例,修復成功率98.18%;對照組修復失敗3例、成功52例,修復成功率94.55%。觀察組的修復成功率98.18%,與對照組的94.55%比較,無顯著性差異(χ2=0.259,P>0.05)。
2.2 兩組的修復滿意情況比較:觀察組的修復滿意率98.18%,明顯高于對照組的85.45%(P<0.05),見表2。
2.3 兩組患者修復前后前牙牙體缺損牙周情況評價:兩組修復前的PLI和GI無顯著性差異(P>0.05),修復后12個月的PLI無顯著性差異(P>0.05),觀察組修復后12個月的GI明顯小于對照組,兩組比較有顯著性差異(P<0.05),見表3。
2.4 兩組修復前后的GCF、ALP水平比較:兩組修復前的GCF、ALP水平無顯著性差異(P>0.05)。觀察組修復前后的GCF、ALP水平比較無顯著性差異(P>0.05),對照組修復后12個月的GCF、ALP水平明顯高于修復前(P<0.05),觀察組修復后12個月的GCF、ALP水平明顯小于對照組(P<0.05),見表4。
3? 討論
前牙牙體缺損可能由炎癥、外傷、齲病及先天性牙胚缺失等因素導致,不僅影響患者的正常咀嚼功能,還影響美觀度[7]。前牙缺損主要采用修復樁核冠的方法,樁核材料種類較多,理想的樁核材料需滿足價格經濟、強度高、透光性好、耐腐蝕及美觀度高等特點[8-9]。金屬樁鈷鉻烤瓷冠修復是常用的前牙缺損修復體,特點為價格低廉、形態逼真,但由其存在金屬基底,需借助遮色瓷遮蓋,導致散光度不同而影響美觀度,且金屬樁核通透性差,可能導致患牙牙周組織發炎[10-11]。
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[收稿日期]2019-01-17
本文引用格式:紀曉霞,李華,黃姿鳳.兩種方法在上前牙缺損修復中的美容效果臨床分析[J].中國美容醫學,2019,28(10):131-134.