結(jié)直腸癌流行病學(xué)特征回顧性研究

武雪亮 王立坤 黃先濤 韓磊 孫光源 史永興 楊東東 薛軍

[摘要] 目的 探討河北北方學(xué)院附屬第一醫(yī)院（以下簡稱“我院”）近5年來收治的結(jié)直腸癌流行病學(xué)特征，為政府制訂腫瘤預(yù)防控制策略提供決策依據(jù)。 方法 選取我院2013年1月～2017年12月就診的696例結(jié)直腸癌患者為研究對象，對其年齡、性別、地域分布、病變部位、分化程度、病理類型、主要癥狀等資料進(jìn)行分析總結(jié)。 結(jié)果 2013～2017年統(tǒng)計結(jié)直腸癌就診例數(shù)分別為111、119、130、147例和189例;其中，男414例，女282例;好發(fā)年齡50～70歲，尤其是60～70歲;城區(qū)427例，農(nóng)村269例;直腸癌457例，結(jié)腸癌239例;病變分化程度以中分化為主，病理類型以乳頭狀腺癌為主，印戒細(xì)胞癌女性居多;癥狀以大便帶血和腹部不適為主。 結(jié)論 近5年，我院收治的結(jié)直腸癌患者例數(shù)呈逐年上升趨勢，男多于女，城市就診高于農(nóng)村，直腸癌發(fā)病遠(yuǎn)高于結(jié)腸近2倍，以乳頭狀、中分化腺癌為主，女性患者應(yīng)注意印戒細(xì)胞癌的發(fā)生;因此，應(yīng)逐步完善結(jié)直腸癌的三級預(yù)防措施，加強結(jié)腸鏡的普查及科普宣教，提高早診率。

[關(guān)鍵詞] 結(jié)直腸癌;流行病學(xué)特征;回顧性研究;單中心

[中圖分類號] R735.1? ? ? ? ? [文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識碼] A? ? ? ? ? [文章編號] 1673-7210（2019）07（b）-0060-05

Retrospective study on the epidemiological characteristics of colorectal cancer

WU Xueliang1? ?WANG Likun2? ?HUANG Xiantao3? ?HAN Lei1? ?SUN Guangyuan1? ?SHI Yongxing4? ?YANG Dongdong1▲? ?XUE Jun1

1.Department of General Surgery， the First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University， Hebei Province， Zhangjiakou? ?075000， China; 2.Department of Ultrasound， the First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University， Hebei Province， Zhangjiakou? ?075000， China; 3.Department of Quality Control Management， the First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University， Hebei Province， Zhangjiakou? ?075000， China; 4.Department of Medical Record Management， the First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University， Hebei Province， Zhangjiakou? ?075000， China

[Abstract] Objective To explore the epidemiological characteristics of colorectal cancer admitted and treated by the First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University （"our hospital" for short） in recent 5 years， and to provide decision basis for the government to formulate cancer prevention and control strategies. Methods A total of 696 cases of colorectal cancer patients admitted to our hospital from January 2013 to December 2017 were selected as research objects， and data including age， gender， regional distribution， lesion site， differentiation degree， pathological type and main symptoms were analyzed and summarized. Results A total of 111， 119， 130 cases， 147 cases and 189 cases were counted from 2013 to 2017. Among them， 414 were male and 282 were female. The age of hair is 50 - 70 years old， especially 60 - 70 years old. There were 427 cases in urban areas and 269 cases in rural areas. There were 457 cases of rectal cancer and 239 cases of colon cancer. The pathological type was mainly papillary adenocarcinoma， and signet-ring cell carcinoma was mostly female. Symptoms were mainly bloody stool and abdominal discomfort. Conclusion In the past 5 years， the number of colorectal cancer patients admitted to our hospital has been increasing year by year， more men than women， more urban patients than rural patients， the incidence of rectal cancer is much higher than the colon nearly 2 times， mainly papillary and median-differentiated adenocarcinoma， female patients should pay attention to the occurrence of signet-ring cell carcinoma; Therefore， it is necessary to gradually improve the three-level prevention measures of colorectal cancer， strengthen colonoscopy screening and education， and improve the early diagnosis rate.

[Key words] Colorectal cancer; Epidemiologic feature; Retrospective analysis; Single center

近年來，隨著我國社會經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展、人口老齡化的加速、飲食結(jié)構(gòu)、生活方式的改變，結(jié)直腸癌發(fā)病率快速增長，且發(fā)病年齡趨于年輕化，嚴(yán)重危害人類健康。最新流行病學(xué)調(diào)查顯示：2013年我國新發(fā)結(jié)直腸癌病例數(shù)約34.79萬，死亡病例數(shù)約16.49萬，分別位居所有惡性腫瘤第4位和第5位，因而我國結(jié)直腸癌人群負(fù)擔(dān)形勢不容樂觀[1-3]。……