基于移動激光掃描數據的建筑物精細化建模研究

李小梅 李國柱

摘 ?要： 隨著“數字城市”的發展，各行各業對空間數據需求不斷增高，三維建模是“數字城市”的重要組成部分，傳統的建筑物三維建模方法耗時耗力、精度低、采用接觸式測量，這種采集方法和數據處理方式已不能滿足數字化的需要。移動激光掃描技術的出現，改變了傳統的的數據采集方式，為空間三維信息的獲取提供了全新的技術手段。通過移動激光掃描技術獲取的空間點云數據，可以建立結構錯綜和不規則場景的建筑物模型。鑒于傳統方法的不足和移動激光掃描技術的特點，提出移動掃描技術三維建模的方法，以云南師范大學商學院的激光掃描為例，首先通過將獲取的點云數據的配準、拼接、降噪、POS解算、IE解算和點云數據融合，然后進行精細三維建模。

關鍵詞： 移動激光掃描技術;點云數據;三維建模

中圖分類號： TP 3 ? ?文獻標識碼： A ? ?DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1003-6970.2019.08.038

本文著錄格式：李小梅，李國柱. 基于移動激光掃描數據的建筑物精細化建模研究[J]. 軟件，2019，40（8）：163167+180

【Abstract】： With the construction of spatial data requirements in all walks of life in the digital city information era， urban 3D modeling is an important part of “digital city”. Traditional data acquisition methods and data processing modes can no longer meet the needs of digital informationization. The traditional building 3D modeling method is time-consuming and labor-intensive， has low precision， uses contact measurement， and can only obtain a small number of feature points and linear data of the building. The emergence of Mobile Laser Scanning （MLS） technology has changed the way of data collection and provided a new technical means for the acquisition of spatial three-dimensional information. Using the spatial point cloud data acquired by the mobile laser scanning technology， a three-dimensional model of a complex and irregular scene can be quickly established， and any distance， area， and volume measurement results can be quickly obtained. This paper proposes a method for 3D modeling using MLS data. Taking the laser scanning of the Business School of Yunnan Normal University as an example， through the registration， splicing， noise reduction， POS solution， IE solution and point cloud of point cloud data. Research on data processing technologies such as data fusion to solve the fine modeling using laser scanning technology. Building modeling accuracy using mobile laser scanning measurement methods to collect point cloud data is superior to traditional measurement methods. The research results can be applied to the restoration of cultural relics such as ancient buildings， deformation monitoring， virtual reproduction and so on.

【Key words】： MLS; Point cloud data; 3D modeling

0 ?引言

在全球數字化的時代，建筑物三維模型[1]在城市規劃、城市管理以及重現等領域發揮著重要作用。建筑物三維建模的傳統做法是采用人工測量技術，通過全站儀測量二維地形，并采集建筑物特征點高

程數據，根據CAD底圖和高程數據在3ds Max中進行建模和貼圖來制作三維模型。費時費力，對建筑模型數量多且結構復雜的數字城市工程并不適用。激光掃描（Laser Scanning）[2]是獲取空間信息的全新手段，相比傳統測量技術而言，激光測量技術算是一種新時勢的測量技術。就光源的特性來講，激光具有方向強、高亮度與良好的相干性等特點。就測量本身而言，激光掃描技術不受天氣和霧霾能以非接觸的方式釆集物體的空間信息。