The Role Evolution of University Faculty

馬琴?張筱媛

【Abstract】Since the funding of the first university in Chinese and the west， the role of university faculty is not always the same rather than changes a lot， which is deeply influenced by social changes. The development of the society makes the teachers responsibilities and obligations constantly changing， thus promoting the change of the role of teachers， that is to say， the role of the university faculty has been developed， enriched and improved because of the continuous social changes and civilization progress. Chinese and western university faculty has experienced the evolution of educators， researchers and service providers respectively.

【Key words】University Faculty; Role Evolution; Comparison

【作者簡介】馬琴（1998.11-），女，回族，寧夏回族自治區人，西南民族大學，2016級本科生，研究方向：英語;張筱媛（1999.07-），女 ，滿族，黑龍江齊齊哈爾人，西南民族大學，2017級本科生，研究方向：英語。

1. The role evolution in western countries

（1） Educator： The original form of universities officially appeared in the middle ages， and this was also the time when teachers roles began to rise. The medieval cities required professionals from all walks of life to master professional skills. Therefore， university faculty who have professional knowledge， impart knowledge to students. In this process， university faculty acts as educators.

（2） Researcher： With the development of ideological movements， universities are no longer dedicated to disseminating knowledge， but also need to cultivate talents for the country to promote social development. In nineteenth Century， most of the university faculty represented by the University Of Berlin， Germany， has become scientific researchers. Since then， scientific research tasks have become teachers formal duties.

（3） Service provider： At the beginning of the twentieth Century， the prevalence of pragmatism in the United States promoted the development of university education. The University of Wisconsin in the United States proposed that university faculty should integrate the service of society and participate widely in various public affairs. Thus they integrated teaching， researching and social services， forming the role of western university faculty.

2. The role evolution in China?

（1） Educator： During the Shang and Zhou dynasties， the development of state institutions needed specialized institutions to cultivate officials. At that time， the full-time officials who are in charge of education appeared. The university faculty act not only as the official but also the teacher. It can be seen that the ancient university faculty in China appeared in double status of educators and state managers.

（2） Researcher： During the late Qing Dynasty， China actively imitated the foreign education， and education reformation is prevalent. In the reform of Peking University which is under the leadership of Cai Yuanpei， a favorable internal environment for the university faculty as researchers firstly has been provided.

（3） Service provider： Since Chinas reform and opening up， chinas economic develops fast and communicates closely with the western universities. In order to meet the needs of social progress， the university faculty do not only serve the society by cultivating talents， but gradually absorbs the functions of serving the society of western universities. The role of university faculty has begun to enrich and perfect， forming the coexistence of three roles of educators， researchers and service providers， which means the rights and obligations of the individual are more and more abundant.

3. Conclusion

In the process of the formation and development of the role of university faculty in china and the west， different cultural backgrounds make their own production and development differently. Through the Renaissance， the enlightenment and the scientific revolution， the West has formed a mature concept of freedom and rationality， and had a deeply influence on the development of western universities. While China is deeply influenced by the Confucian culture， taking the state as the dominant and center position. Universities are produced and developed in such idea and spontaneously affected by it. Therefore， in order to promote the development of China education， we need to learn from the west， but at the same time， we need to inherit Chinese own culture and form a unique and certain development path of the role evolution of the university faculty in our country.

References：?

[1]YANG Lin-Yuan. The Role Evolution and Implication of University Faculty[D]. Journal of Guizhou Education University，Vol. 33，No.10.Oct，2017.