On the Visual Form of mondrian's Art

牛兆立

Abstract：Mondrian，as one of the founders of the Dutch style design movement，transcends the artistic thinking and aesthetic concept of The Times and applies abstract art expression to the field of design art freely.Since its emergence，its art form has exerted a great influence on the art field.From the Dutch "school of style" to the Bauhaus school of design，from the painting field to the architectural design field to the clothing and product design field，the visual form of mondrian's art can be glimpsed.

Keywords：Mondrian's art，visual form，purity

First，pure new formalism

Mondrian，as an artist，his works have a kind of abstraction，which does not express works with any concrete objects.Mondrian once published a treatise "plastic art and pure plastic art" in the style magazine，in which mondrian elaborated abstract art as "non-representational art shows that 'art' always advances in its real way through its own existence.It shows that 'art' is neither the representation of the reality we see with our eyes，nor the expression of our daily life，but the expression of the real reality and real life...They're hard to define in style，but they feel real." In mondrian's opinion，abstract art is the real reality，while concrete art is just a representation of reality.

He hopes to express the real reality through abstract art，to express an idealized reality and to express a pure and balanced idealized world.In mondrian's opinion，abstract art should get rid of the external form of natural things，concentrate on the expression of abstract spirit，and pursue the expression of spirit.

Second，the geometry of the overall formal beauty

Mondrian after a series of exploration，found that only three primary colors and a line is enough to express the real things，he in the context of the plastic arts and the pure plastic arts said："I feel" pure reality "can express through pure modelling，the modelling of pure in nature should not be restricted by subjective feeling and appearance..."Therefore，he separated the image of things he saw layer by layer，and took straight line as the main medium of expression to convey the essential reality of things he wanted to express.

Formal beauty has a basic attribute：harmony and unity，balance and coordination.And shapes with similar characteristics can form an overall form together.For example，visual psychology will connect the shape elements with similar characteristics into a whole，the colors with similar properties will be regarded as a whole，and the shapes with similar size and proportion will easily form an integral form effect.Mondrian's composition of red，yellow，blue and black blocks（1921）seeks the balance and harmony of the picture by arranging the three primary colors of red，yellow and blue and the three non-color squares of black，white and gray with different sizes and shapes.Although these color blocks look disorderly，scattered，but in the role of color，in the visual form of a perfect unity.

Third，the balance of color aesthetic feeling

Mondrian believed that works of art should be freed from various external factors and subjective emotions to express a pure and universal beauty.And this kind of beauty with the greatest universality is a dynamic equilibrium，not a static one.He also advocates seeking equilibrium in an opposite state.The picture in his works emphasizes the use of a large color block as the main body and other smaller color blocks around to stabilize the picture.

He also simplified the colors of painting to only the three primary colors of red，yellow and blue and the three non-colors of black，white and gray.He believes that the three primary colors are the purest and most essential colors after simplifying and concentrating the natural world.Therefore，the color relation formed by it has the greatest universality.The intensity of hue contrast depends on the position of color on the color ring，while mondrian's paintings form a picture according to the quality sense of three primary colors and three non-colors，and the formed color power is relatively intense.At the same time，he created a stable and clear picture color feeling through the reasonable allocation of area and position，in order to seek spiritual balance.This kind of primitive and direct hue contrast makes the work complete a new leap under the effect of color psychology.Mondrian's paintings are composed of three primary colors and three non-color blocks with different areas.The classic golden segment segmentation and golden rectangle make each color block form rational harmony and balance in the frame，making the rhythm change of colors more stable.

Summary

Mondrian has left us，but its pure reality and dynamic balance of art still lead the trend of the times in modern design.With its art re-extracted from history and modern design methods and techniques，it can better show the breadth and charm of pure art under the background of deepening integration of Chinese and foreign cultures.All these require us to study and study more deeply in order to get a deeper understanding and make further creation.

References

[1] Mondrian [M].Renmin university press of China，an yu，2004

[2] beauty of design [M].Shandong pictorial publishing house，（ying）Clay，2010

[3] on the visual psychology of mondrian's paintings [J].Han yonglin.Literature and art dispute.2010（02）

[4] the core concept and formation of mondrian's design thought [J].Ding feng.Decoration.2011（12）

（作者單位：齊魯工業大學（山東省科學院））