李寧 王卓識
摘 要:我國是遭遇自然災害最為嚴重的國家之一,其中尤以地震為甚。我國地震的發生具有頻度高、強度大、震源淺、分布廣等特點,嚴重威脅著廣大人民群眾的生命安全。通過運用一系列防震減震措施,可有效提升我國處置地震災害的各項能力。地殼形變觀測作為一種有效的觀測方法,現已在地震監測預報工作中獲得了廣泛應用。本文主要論述了地殼形變觀測在地震監測預報中的發展與應用。通過對此項技術的深入探討,以期為地震監測預報工作提供一定的參考,將地震造成的損失降至最低。
關鍵詞:地殼形變觀測;地震監測預報;發展;應用
中圖分類號:P315.7 文獻標識碼:A 文章編號:1003-5168(2019)34-0138-03
The Development and Application of Crustal Deformation
Observation in Earthquake Monitoring and Prediction
LI Ning WANG Zhuoshi
(Changchun Yushu Earthquake Monitoring Station,Changchun Jilin 130400)
Abstract: China is one of the countries suffering from the most serious natural disasters, especially the earthquake. The occurrence of earthquakes in China is characterized by high frequency, high intensity, shallow focus and wide distribution, which seriously threatens the lives of the masses. By using a series of anti earthquake and shock absorption measures, we can effectively improve our ability to deal with earthquake disasters. As an effective observation method, crustal deformation observation has been widely used in earthquake monitoring and prediction. This paper mainly discussed the development and application of crustal deformation observation in earthquake monitoring and prediction. Through the in-depth discussion of this technology, we hope to provide some reference for the earthquake monitoring and prediction work and minimize the loss caused by the earthquake.
Keywords: crustal deformation observation;earthquake monitoring and prediction;development;application
隨著對地震發生機制的深入研究,現已初步探明地震的發生與地殼形變有著密切聯系。在地震進行過程中,最為突出的變化為地殼形變。形變的規模及烈度直接影響震級。通過檢測地殼形變,可實現對區域內地震發生情況的長期觀測,并為地震預報提供較為精準的依據。因此,在地震防范工作中,應將地殼形變觀測作為一項重要的工作內容,進而保障社會經濟健康運轉及廣大人民群眾的生命財產安全。
1 地震造成的災害
1.1 地震造成的直接危害
由于地震具有巨大的破壞性,因此,發生地震時會在極為短暫的時間內造成嚴重危害。例如,地面出現裂縫、冒漿,山體出現滑坡、泥石流,海底地震還會造成海嘯,產生毀滅性災害。另外,在某些大地震中還伴有地光等情況,進而造成火災的發生?!?br>