中空吹塑成型吹氣機構技術綜述

章文飛

摘 要：中空吹塑成型（Blow Molding）是一種成型中空制品的方法，是制造塑料制品最重要的成型方法之一，可以獲得各種形狀與大小的中空塑料制品。吹塑能較好地保證制品的外部形狀和尺寸，能成型用注塑等其他方法無法成型的中空制品。吹塑成型是將處于熔融狀態的塑料型坯置于模具型腔中，借助壓縮空氣將其吹脹，使之緊貼于型腔壁上，經冷卻定型得到中空塑料制品的成形方法。吹塑成型在工業中應用十分廣泛，幾乎所有的熱塑性塑料都可以用于吹塑成型。本文主要對中空吹塑成型吹氣機構技術進行綜述。

關鍵詞：中空吹塑成型;吹氣型芯;吹氣針

中圖分類號：TQ320.725 文獻標識碼：A 文章編號：1003-5168（2019）34-0078-03

Overview of Air Blowing Mechanism Technology in Hollow Blow Molding

ZHANG Wenfei

（Patent Examination Cooperation（Jiangsu）Center of the Patent Office，CNIPA，Suzhou Jiangsu 215011）

Abstract：Blow molding is a forming method that the plastic billet in the molten state is placed in the mold cavity， inflated with compressed air， so that it clings to the cavity wall， and the hollow plastic products are obtained by cooling and finalizing. Blow molding is widely used in industry. Almost all thermoplastics can be used in blow molding. In this paper， the blowing mechanism technology of hollow blow molding is reviewed.Blow Molding is one of the most important Molding methods for plastic products， which can obtain various shapes and sizes of hollow plastic products. Blow molding can better ensure the external shape and size of products， and can mold hollow products that cannot be molded by other methods such as injection molding.Blow molding is a forming method that the plastic billet in the molten state is placed in the mold cavity， inflated with compressed air， so that it clings to the cavity wall， and the hollow plastic products are obtained by cooling and finalizing. Blow molding is widely used in industry. Almost all thermoplastics can be used in blow molding. In this paper， the blowing mechanism technology of hollow blow molding was reviewed.

Keywords：hollow blow molding;blow core;blow needle

1 吹氣機構技術演進

目前，中空吹塑成型的吹氣方式可分為針管吹氣和型芯吹氣。針管吹氣是利用中空針管刺破型坯壁，壓縮空氣通過針管中的流道進入型坯從而吹脹型坯;而型芯吹氣是型芯直接進入開口的型坯內并確定頸部內徑，型芯內部設置有氣體通道和出氣孔，不需要刺破型坯壁。因此，根據是否需要刺破型坯壁這一特征，可以將中空吹塑成型的吹氣機構分為吹氣針和吹氣型芯兩類。

2 吹氣型芯的發展史及結構技術

吹氣型芯又稱為吹氣芯棒、吹氣芯軸，還有的稱之為吹氣管或吹氣嘴。

早期的吹塑成型技術借鑒了玻璃容器吹制工藝。玻璃容器吹制工藝主要是采用管對玻璃液進行吹制，因此，早期的吹塑成型技術的吹氣機構就是簡單的吹管?！?br>