玉米象與銹赤扁谷盜在大米儲(chǔ)藏中的種群競(jìng)爭(zhēng)作用研究

薛民杰 呂建華 康宇龍

摘要 在溫度為（28±2）℃、相對(duì)濕度為（75±5）%的條件下通過玉米象與銹赤扁谷盜在大米中的單獨(dú)飼養(yǎng)和混合飼養(yǎng)試驗(yàn)，研究玉米象與銹赤扁谷盜在儲(chǔ)藏大米中的種群競(jìng)爭(zhēng)作用。結(jié)果表明，單獨(dú)飼養(yǎng)與混合飼養(yǎng)的玉米象種群自然死亡率均在55%左右，2種飼養(yǎng)情況下的種群增長(zhǎng)情況相似。混合飼養(yǎng)的銹赤扁谷盜種群的死亡率低于單獨(dú)飼養(yǎng)的死亡率，種群增長(zhǎng)數(shù)量高于單獨(dú)飼養(yǎng)。混合飼養(yǎng)的銹赤扁谷盜種群的最低死亡率和平均死亡率較單獨(dú)飼養(yǎng)時(shí)低，單獨(dú)飼養(yǎng)時(shí)各個(gè)起始種群數(shù)量的銹赤扁谷盜種群數(shù)增長(zhǎng)數(shù)均為0，而混合飼養(yǎng)時(shí)種群數(shù)不斷增長(zhǎng)。因此，在大米中混合飼養(yǎng)時(shí)，玉米象種群對(duì)銹赤扁谷盜種群的生存繁殖有促進(jìn)作用，而銹赤扁谷盜種群對(duì)玉米象種群增長(zhǎng)基本無影響。

關(guān)鍵詞 大米;種群競(jìng)爭(zhēng);玉米象;銹赤扁谷盜

中圖分類號(hào)：S379 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼：A 文章編號(hào)：2095-3305（2019）04-015-03

DOI： 10.19383/j.cnki.nyzhyj.2019.04.007

Abstract The population competition between Sitophilus zeamais and Cryplotestes ferrugineusio in rice were studied by the experiments of Sitophilus zeamais and Cryplotestes ferrugineus raisen separate or mixed populations at the condition of （28±2）℃，（75±5）%RH. The results showed that the mortality of Sitophilus zeamais in separate and mixed populations was about 55%，and the population growth situation was similar in separate or mixed populations. For Cryplotestes ferrugineus，the mixed population had a lower mortality and a better population growth situation than separate populations. The growth rate of separate Cryplotestes ferrugineus population was 0，but population growth of mixed populations increased. The present results indicated that Sitophilus zeamais could improve the survival and reproduction of Cryplotestes ferrugineusio for mixed populations in rice，but Cryplotestes ferrugineusio had no effect on Sitophilus zeamais populations.

Key words ? Rice;Population competition;Sitophilus zeamais;Cryplotestes ferrugineus

糧食是人類賴以生存和發(fā)展的基本生活資料，是社會(huì)存在和發(fā)展的基礎(chǔ)。在糧食儲(chǔ)藏期間，多種儲(chǔ)糧害蟲容易滋生危害，造成儲(chǔ)糧質(zhì)量和品質(zhì)的巨大損失。全世界每年因儲(chǔ)糧害蟲危害造成的糧食損失高達(dá)10%～40%，大大超過聯(lián)合國(guó)糧農(nóng)組織提出的糧食收后損失應(yīng)小于5%的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)[1-2]。

近年來隨著社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)的不斷發(fā)展和人們消費(fèi)需求的變化，國(guó)家對(duì)成品糧安全儲(chǔ)藏日益重視，大米的儲(chǔ)藏量有所增加[3-5]。但是，在大米儲(chǔ)藏期間主要儲(chǔ)糧害蟲玉米象[Sitophilus zeamais （Motschulsky）]和銹赤扁谷盜[Cryplotestes ferrug？鄄ineus （Stephens）]經(jīng)常發(fā)生，造成嚴(yán)重?fù)p失[6-10]。……