蔣軍鋒
摘要:根據耕地重金屬污染預警的“天-地-人通用概念模型”,采用糧食平均單產、耕地人口密度、耕地工業產值3個預警指標,初步建立了平涼市級耕地土壤重金屬污染預警系統。結果表明,污染程度在警戒線以下的縣區分別為靜寧縣、靈臺縣,警戒值分別為3.2、8.7。污染程度為輕度污染警示的縣區分別為莊浪縣、崇信縣,警戒值分別為10.0、11.3。污染程度為中度污染警示的縣區為涇川縣,警戒值為14.5。污染程度為中重度污染警示的縣區分別為崆峒區、華亭縣,警戒值分別為22.3、25.8。
關鍵詞:耕地重金屬污染;預警系統;平涼
中圖分類號:D912.6? ? ?文獻標志碼:A? ? ?文章編號:1001-1463(2019)02-0050-04
Abstract:According to “heaven, earth and human universal conception model” of early warning farmland heavy metal pollution warning, The early warning system of heavy metal pollution in farmland at Pingliang was initially preliminarily established by using three early warning indicators:average unit yield of grain, population density of cultivated land and industrial output value of cultivated land.The results showed that the counties below the warning line were Jingning County and Lingtai County, with warning values were 3.2 and 8.7,respectively. The counties with mild pollution warning were Zhuanglang County and Chongxin County, with warning values of 10.0 and 11.3 respectively. The county with moderate pollution warning is Jingchuan County, with a warning value of 14.5. The counties with moderate-severe pollution warning were Kongtong and Huating, with warning values of 22.3 and 25.8, respectively.
Key words:Farmland heavy metal pollution;Warning system;Pingliang
2014年4月17日環境保護部、國土資源部發布的《全國土壤污染狀況調查公報》指出,耕地土壤點位超標率為19.4%,其中輕微、輕度、中度和重度污染點位比例分別為13.7%、2.8%、1.8%和1.1%,主要污染物為鎘、鎳、銅、砷、汞、鉛、滴滴涕和多環芳烴,而造成土壤污染的主要原因是在經濟社會發展過程中污染物長期的累積 [1 ]。耕地土壤重金屬污染是威脅糧食安全和人體健康的重大問題[2 ],且重金屬污染具有累積性、隱蔽性和不可逆性等特點,危害大,持續時間長,治理成本高。因此,對其進行早期預警具有重要意義。目前重金屬污染預警的方法主要有利用GIS結合多智能體技術(MAS)[3 - 5 ]、超標年限預測模型、灰色聚類模型、情景預測法以及人工神經網絡模型等[6 - 8 ]。筆者根據耕地重金屬污染預警的“天-地-人通用概念模? ? ?型”[9 - 11 ],提出適合平涼市耕地重金屬污染狀況的預警模型及相應的預警指標體系,為平涼市戰略規劃的制定提供參考依據。……