山東招遠扇貝養殖區水質狀況調查與評價

崔龍波 沈雨欣 李書杰

摘要 [目的]為了解山東招遠扇貝養殖區海水水質狀況，加強養殖區環境保護。[方法]在2018年5—10月對該養殖區進行調查，并采用有機污染評價指數（A）法、營養狀態指數（E）法、營養狀態質量指數（NQI）評價法和內梅羅綜合污染指數（P）法對該海域水質狀況進行分析與評價。[結果]調查海域扇貝養殖區水溫和pH分別為17.28～27.28 ℃和7.97～8.30，均符合海水水質二類標準，適宜扇貝養殖;鹽度為30.16‰～31.40‰，變化幅度小，適宜扇貝生長;溶解氧和化學需氧量分別為6.48～8.76和0.792 0～1.955 0 mg/L，均達到海水水質一類標準;營養鹽濃度、營養狀態水平偏高，一定條件下易引發赤潮;內梅羅污染指數較低，水質較為清潔。[結論]總體上，此次調查海域水質狀況普遍較好，達到二類或以上水質標準，適宜扇貝養殖。

關鍵詞 扇貝養殖;水質;調查;評價;招遠

中圖分類號 S 949;X 824 ?文獻標識碼 A

文章編號 0517-6611（2019）12-0073-05

doi：10.3969/j.issn.0517-6611.2019.12.021

開放科學（資源服務）標識碼（OSID）：

Abstract [Objective] The research aimed to know the water quality of scallop aquaculture areas and strengthen the protection of aquaculture areas environment.[Method]The water quality of scallop aquaculture areas in Zhaoyuan， Shandong Province was investigated from May to October， 2018. And the organic pollution assessment index （A）， nutritional status index （E）， nutritional status quality index （NQI） and Nemerow index （P） were used to evaluate the water quality of the area.[Result]The water temperature and pH were 17.28-27.28 ℃ and 7.97-8.30， which were accorded with Grade Ⅱ water quality standards and suitable for scallop culture. Salinity was 30.16‰-31.40‰ with a small variation range， which was suitable for the growth of scallop. The dissolved oxygen and chemical oxygen demand was 6.48-8.76 mg/L and 0.792 0-1.955 0 mg/L， which accorded with Grade Ⅰ water quality standards. The concentration of nutrients and the level of nutrient state were on the high side. Under certain conditions， it was easy to cause red tide. Nemerow pollution index was lower and the water quality was cleaner.[Conclusion] In general， the water quality of the surveyed area was generally good and accorded with Grade Ⅱ or above water quality standards， which was suitable for scallop aquaculture.

Key words Scallop aquaculture;Water quality;Investigation;Evaluation;Zhaoyuan

山東招遠扇貝養殖區所處的萊州灣位于渤海南部，山東半島北部，是渤海三大海灣之一。由于黃河等多條河流大量攜入泥沙，使得海底堆積迅速，海灣灘涂遼闊;河口內灣一帶營養鹽含量高，大量浮游植物在此生長，且河流常帶有豐富的有機物質，為貝類提供充足的食物源[1]，因而萊州灣發展成為山東省重要的扇貝養殖區。由于萊州灣是位于渤海之內的內灣，水體交換能力較差，而且沿海地區經濟發展迅速，對于開發利用海洋的力度也在不斷加大，這些都給萊州灣海洋生態環境造成了巨大壓力[2]。……