閱讀理解

閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個選項（A、B、C和D）中，選出最佳選項。

（一）

Education is not an end， but a means to an end. In other words， we do not educate children only for the purpose of educating them. Our purpose is to fit them for life.

In some modern countries it has for some time been fashionable[時興的] to think that by free education for all—whether rich or poor， clever or stupid—one can solve all the problems of society and build a perfect nation. But we can already see that free education for all is not enough; we find in such countries a far larger number of people with university degrees， they refused to do what they think “low” work， and， in fact， work with hands is thought to be dirty and shameful in such countries. But we have only to think a moment to understand that the work of a completely uneducated farmer is far more important than that of a professor， we can live without education， but we die if we have no food. If no one cleaned our streets and took the rubbish away from our houses， we should get terrible diseases in our towns…

In fact， when we say that all of us must be educated to fit us for life， it means that we must be educated in such a way that， firstly， each of us can do whatever work suited to his brains and ability and， secondly， that we can realize that all jobs are necessary to society， and that it is very bad to be ashamed of ones work. Only such a type of education can be considered valuable to society.

1. The writer of this passage thinks that ________.

A. education can settle all of the worlds problems

B. free education for all probably leads to a perfect world

C. free education wont help to solve social problems

D. all the social problems cant be solved by education

2. The writer wants to prove that ________.

A. our society needs all kinds of jobs

B. our society needs free education for all

C. a farmer is more important than a professor

D. people with university degrees refuse to do what they think “low” work

3. according to the passage， _______.

A. work with hands is dirty and shameful

B. work with hands is low work

C. work with hands is the most important

D. we cant regard work with hands as low work

4. The purpose of education is ________.

A. to choose a system of education

B. to prepare children mainly for their future work

C. to let everyone receive education fit for him

D. to build a perfect world

5. The passage tells us about _______ of education.

A. the means? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? B. the system

C. the value? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?D. the type

（二）

Underground vegetable garden

People living more than three thousand meters above sea level find it difficult to raise vegetables all year long. People living in the highlands of Peru and Bolivia， for example， cannot grow vegetables outdoors during the months of May through September. It is very cold in the highlands at that time of year. If traditional farming methods are used， vegetables will not survive.

However， there is another way to grow vegetables throughout the year in cold areas. It is a method of gardening developed by a private agency called World Neighbors. The method uses “hot houses” built below ground. A hot house is a building covered with plastic or glass in which vegetables or flowers are grown. The traditional hot house is built above ground.

The air temperature is cold in the highlands of Peru and Bolivia during the winter. But， the winter sun is hot. So， World Neighbors advises farmers there to build hot houses below ground. The design is simple. The material does not cost much. Here is how World Neighbors says to build it： Dig a hole two and one-half meters wide and six meters long. Make it about two meters deep. Build wall with a door in one end of the hole. Dig steps from the ground down to the door.

Now， build a wall along the top edge of the hole. Make it about one-half meters tall. Earth bricks work fine. Build two shorter walls on the ends.

These will be uneven; one side will be as high as the existing wall. The other side will be at ground level. Leave a small opening in each of these sloping walls. This prevents the hot house from becoming too hot. Now， make the roof. Build a wood frame. Cover it with clear plastic. Connect it to the brick walls.

The underground hot house we have described is large enough for two raised vegetable beds. Each is one meter wide and six meters long. Each is seeded and watered just as if it were in a garden above ground.

The dirt walls protect the growing plants from the cold. The clear plastic roof permits the suns heat to enter. At night， the roof should be covered with straw. This helps prevent cold air from entering. An under ground hot house this size will provide enough vegetables for one family. Groups needing more vegetables can make it bigger.

1. If you lived in Peru， you _______.

A. should raise the special kinds of vegetables that can endure cold

B. could not plant at all

C. had to work out some new unusual plans

D. would not have many vegetables to eat

2. To our surprise， the “hot houses” invented by World Neighbors are _______.

A. covered with a transparent plastic ceiling B. built under ground

C. quite small? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? D. hotter than

3. The hot house can be kept warm by using _______.

A. a big oven? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? B. an electricity heater

C. the heat of the earths interior? ? ? ? ? D. the sun shine

4. The measure to prevent the hot house from becoming too hot is to _______.

A. make the roof sloped

B. dig holes on the walls

C. make the wall not vertical

D. make the walls shorter than the ground level

5. according to the passage， the method suggested by World Neighbors is _______.

A. new and difficult? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? B. uneasy to explain

C. at trial step? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? D. simple and practical

參考答案與解析

（一）

本文論述了教育不是終點，但是通向終點的一個方法，教育的目的是為了使人們適應生活。

1. D。概括題。通過閱讀全文可知教育并不能解決所有的問題，故答案為 D。

2. A。推理判斷題。由that we can realize that all jobs are necessary to society， and that it is very bad to be ashamed of ones work（所有的職業都是社會所必須的，而不應該歧視任何一個人的工作），故可推出此題答案為A。

3. D。推理判斷題。從 we can live without education， but we die if we have no food（沒有受教育，我們還有生命，但若沒有食物，我們就不可能生活），意指我們不應該歧視那些體力活，故答案選D。

4. B。事實細節題。文中第1段最后一句Our purpose is to fit them for life（教育的目的是為了使他們適應以后的生活和工作）可知答案為B。

5. C。主旨大意題。本文主要講教育的目的是為了使人更好的適應生活，即指教育對社會的價值問題，從 Only such a type of education can be considered valuable to society 可推知答案選C。

（二）

本文介紹了在高原地區種植農作物是很困難的，但是我們可以在地下種植作物。

1. C。細節題。從there is another way to grow vegetables throughout the year in cold areas. It is a method of gardening…可知答案選C。

2. B。細節題。從 World Neighbors advises farmers there to build hot houses below ground 可知答案選B。

3. D。細節題。由原文The clear plastic roof permits the suns heat to enter可知答案為D（the suns heat=the sun shine）。

4. B。細節題。從 Leave a small opening in each of these sloping walls. This prevents the hot house from becoming too hot可知答案為B。

5. D。推斷題。由通過閱讀全文可知此方法既簡單又實用，故答案選D。