鬩讀七選五的解題步驟和技巧

肖文

專題策劃：做閱讀七選五，有章可循

編者按：很多同學可能在做閱讀七選五時，覺得無從下手，似乎好幾個選項都能代入空格。其實，做閱讀七選五時，對解題的章法心里有數(shù)了，問題就能迎刃而解了。本期從該題型的解題步驟、解題技巧及設(shè)題類型等方面解讀，讓你做題時有章可循。

一、解題步驟

Step 1：診斷選項。讀七個選項，并簡要翻譯，同時圈出每個選項的關(guān)鍵詞，尤其是名詞和代詞：也可以分析選項的句式特點，看是否有標題句，是否有半句話，是否有從句等。

（2018年高考全國卷二）If you are already mak-ing the time to exercise，it is good indeed！ With suchbusy lives，it can be hard to try and find the time to workout.36 Working out in the moming provides addi-tional benefits beyond being physically fit.

●Your productivity is improved. Exercising makesyou more awake ancl ready to handle whateveris ahead ofyoufortheday.__37

●Your metabolism（新陳代謝）getsa head start.38If you work out in the momings，then you will begetting thecalorie（卡路里）burningbenefits forthe whole day，notin yoursleep.

●39Studies found that people who woke up ear-ly for exercise slept better than those who exercised inthe evening. Exercise energizes you，so it is more diffi-cult to relax and have a peaceful sleep when you are veryexcited.

●40If you work out bright and early in themoming，you will be more likely tostick to healthy food?choices throughout the day. Who would want to ruin theirgood workout by eating junk food？ You will want to con-tinue tofocus on positive choices.

A.You will stick to your diet.

B.Your quality of sleep improves.

C.You prefer healthy food to fast food.

D.There is no reason you should exercise in themoming。

E.You cankeep your head clearfor 4-10 hours af-ter exercise.

F. After you exerclse ，you continue to burncalories throughout the day.

G.If you are planning to do exercise regularly，oryou' re doing it now ，then listen up！

看選項，A和B與文中的段落首句句式相似，推斷應(yīng)填在段落首句的空格。A和C都提到了飲食，所以其中必有一個是干擾選項。這些選項要么提到晨練的好處，要么講要晨練，只有D說不要晨練，所以很可能D也是干擾選項。所有選項中的名詞和動詞都是辨識度很強的詞，應(yīng)勾畫出并譯成中文。

Step2：觀察“地勢”。“地勢”就是空格位置。一般情況下，段落首句和小標題處設(shè)空，考查主旨，段落結(jié)尾處設(shè)空很有可能考查總結(jié)性主旨，段落中間設(shè)空則考查過渡句。這樣可以大致確定每道題的難易程度，通常，段首和標題處是比較容易的，可以先做。2018年高考全國卷二中，39題和40題在段首設(shè)空，考查主旨把握能力。37題在段末，很有可能是主旨句或者主旨的注釋性句子。36題和38題在段中，耗費的時間和精力可能更多，可以留在后面做。

Step3：通讀全文，理出文章中心和段落主題句。標題或首句是文章的眼睛，通過理解它們可以了解文體并推測文章主旨，所選選項要和原文主旨一致。

Step 4：鎖定選項，挖出代詞的指代真身。無論是空格后的代詞，還是選項里的代詞，找到代詞所指代的具體事物是快速找到答案的關(guān)鍵。若空格后出現(xiàn)代詞，可根據(jù)代詞的單復數(shù)去找選項里的單復數(shù)名詞;若選項里出現(xiàn)代詞，同理，空格前必然要有相應(yīng)的單復數(shù)名詞。

二、解題技巧

1.詞義復現(xiàn)。空格前后的關(guān)鍵詞或者其近義詞、反義詞若在選項中重復出現(xiàn)，便可大致鎖定答案。2018年高考全國卷二第40題后面的stick to和focus on是同義詞，賓語healthy food，junk food，posi-tive choices為同義詞或反義詞，選項A中的stick toyour diet是上述詞的復現(xiàn)，A項符合本段主旨。第38題后出現(xiàn)了calorie burning和the whole day，在選項F中有同義詞。

2.把握主旨及段際邏輯關(guān)系。整體駕馭語篇的能力主要體現(xiàn)在對主旨和文章結(jié)構(gòu)的把握能力上。清楚文章主旨的同時，也要清楚段落的主旨。

（2018年高考全國卷一）Overthe years，there have been a numberof different techniques to help design-ers approach this important point.37，they can get alittlecomplex. Butgood news is thatthere're really only three kinds of decisionsyou need tomake about colorin your home：the small ones ，the medi-um ones ，and the large ones.

38 . They're thelittle spotsof color like throwpillows ，mirrors and haskets that most of us use to add vi-sual interest to our rooms. Less tiring than painting yourwalls and less expensive than buying a colorful sofa，small color choices bring with them the significant bene-fit ofbeing easily changeable.

Medium color choicesare generally furniturepieces such as sofas，dinner tables or bookshelves.39They require abigger commitment than smaller ones，andthey have a more powerful effect on the feeling of aspace.

the large color decisions in your rooms concem thewalls，ceilings，and floors. Whether you're looking atwallpaper or paint，the time，effort and relative expenseput into it are significant.40.

A.While allofthemare useful

D.Small color choicesare theones we 're most fa-miliar with

E. It's not really a good idea to use too manysmall color pieces

G. Color choices in this range are a step up from thesmall onesin twomajorways

四個段落的主旨及行文邏輯很清晰，第一段總說共有三種選擇，接下來的每一段都有羅列，第二段在段首設(shè)空，為主旨題。第三段和第四段分別介紹了Medium color choices和The large color deci-sions，因此可以推出38題為“小的選擇”。只有D、E、G中出現(xiàn)了small color choices.同時根據(jù)下文段落首句的句式特點可知，38題選D。

3.重視語篇標記語。語篇標記語包括表示邏輯關(guān)系的and，andthen，thus，thereforeso.while，however，but等：表示結(jié)構(gòu)層次的firstly，secondly，thirdly等：表示時間關(guān)系的before. so far. meanwhile等：表示變化的比較級或者increase ，decrease， different from，a long way to等詞。

2018年高考全國卷一選項A中的while表示“盡管”，暗示和下句之間是讓步和轉(zhuǎn)折的關(guān)系。37題所在段的主旨是介紹幾種有效的方法。空格后有詞“complex”，意為“復雜的”。這句話的意思是“盡管所有的都很有用，但是也有點復雜”。第39題后的句子中有比較級出現(xiàn)，比較對象為smallerones：連接詞and表示并列的兩個成分或方面，鎖定答案G，意為“中等物件和小物件在兩個主要方面有不同”，“two major ways”對應(yīng)后文的邏輯詞“and”。