婦產(chǎn)科護(hù)士人際溝通能力現(xiàn)狀調(diào)查與分析*

□ 梅慧紅 MEI Hui-hong 阮明慧 RUAN Ming-hui 許珍珍 XU Zhen-zhen 王蕾 WANG Lei 邵曉華 SHAO Xiao-hua

Objective To understand the status quo of interpersonal communication ability of gynecology and obstetrics nurses, to analyze the existing problems and to put forward countermeasures. Methods A total of 240 gynecological and obstetric nurses from 6 tertiary hospitals and 2 Class-A secondary hospitals in Zhejiang Province were randomly selected and surveyed using general questionnaire, interpersonal communication ability scale,and interpersonal communication satisfaction scale. Results The total scores of communication skills, communication knowledge and communication satisfaction of obstetrics and gynecology nurses were significantly higher than the median value 3.00 of the scale (p＜0.05). The main influencing factors of interpersonal communication skills in obstetrics and gynecology nurses were age, educational level, relatives of medical profession or not, and personality type. Conclusion The managers and educators in nursing should conduct targeted training for obstetrics and gynecology nurses, improve their overall communication level, guide them to actively communicate with patients, and ensure that nurses' work can be carried out smoothly, so that they can provide safe and effective care for patients.

調(diào)查顯示，80%的醫(yī)患糾紛是由于護(hù)理人員沒(méi)有很好地與患者溝通，或者溝通的方式不對(duì)而引起的[1]，其中婦產(chǎn)科的糾紛居多數(shù)。隨著以人為本的護(hù)理理念逐漸深入人心，醫(yī)院的作用已不再是單純解決患者身體上的疾病，對(duì)于患者心理上的感受也越來(lái)越重視，在護(hù)理過(guò)程中更加注重人性化，如精神上和情感上的支持與溝通等[2]。

婦產(chǎn)科的患者都是女性，心理比較敏感，情緒易起伏，因此在感覺(jué)不舒服時(shí)易情緒波動(dòng)，如被詢問(wèn)到以往病史時(shí)，患者會(huì)感覺(jué)到害羞；在第一次做手術(shù)或者患有急癥重癥時(shí)會(huì)憂慮害怕；患有不孕不育癥或者性病的女性則極易出現(xiàn)自卑、內(nèi)疚等。在面對(duì)患者的各種心理狀態(tài)時(shí)，護(hù)士一定不能背后議論或者瞧不起，而要以體諒和理解的態(tài)度面對(duì)患者，學(xué)會(huì)換位思考，對(duì)患者進(jìn)行人性化的護(hù)理，從而保證患者的身心健康。

對(duì)象與方法

1.對(duì)象。于2017年3月至4月，選取浙江省6所三級(jí)醫(yī)院、2所二甲醫(yī)院婦產(chǎn)科護(hù)士共計(jì)240人為調(diào)查對(duì)象。納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn)：婦產(chǎn)科護(hù)士；知情同意，并自愿參加調(diào)查者。本研究發(fā)放問(wèn)卷240份，回收有效問(wèn)卷231份，回收率96.25%。

2.調(diào)查工具

2.1 一般情況問(wèn)卷。包括年齡、學(xué)歷、是否獨(dú)生子女、民族、生源地、親屬?gòu)尼t(yī)情況、性格類型等。

2.2 人際溝通能力問(wèn)卷。人際溝通能力問(wèn)卷由Spitzberg等人設(shè)計(jì)[3]，王泳貴[4]等人翻譯、修改而成。該量表由溝通動(dòng)機(jī)、溝通知識(shí)和溝通技巧三個(gè)分量表組成。量表均采用Likert5級(jí)評(píng)分法，即“非常符合”“符合”“不確定”“不符合”“非常不符合”，各條目的平均值均為3.00分，得分越高，說(shuō)明現(xiàn)狀越好。……