彌異所與千城萬貌

朱文一 / ZHU Wenyi

朱文一（清華大學）

ZHU Wenyi, Tsinghua University, China

1 彌異所

30年前，我研究空間時，讀到墨子關于空間的論述。“守（宇），彌異所也。”意指“東西家南北”。這是中國文化語境下的“場所”概念。場所強調人的空間，所謂“詩意的棲居”。而彌異所也強調人的空間，準確地說是“家”的空間。中國文化語境中的人更多地體現為“家”。我在《院的本質與文化內涵》一文中闡述了“彌異所”與“場所”的異同。彌異所一詞的關鍵是“異所”，即處于不同位置的空間。彌異所強調空間的差異性、地方性和識別性；關注空間中不同人群的活動；體現活動與空間的匹配關系。這是彌異所概念的闡釋。

2 千城萬貌

近年來，網絡上興起網紅打卡地。每一個地區、每一座城市都有自己的網紅打卡地。民間對空間品質追求的熱情“躍然網上”。網紅打卡地不僅吸引外地游客，同樣也受到當地居民的喜愛，成為城市豐富性、多樣性和識別性的直接體現。可以認為，每一處網紅打卡地都很好地詮釋了彌異所的精神。

針對目前城市發展過程中出現的千城一面困局，網紅打卡地的出現如一縷清風，從非專業的角度給出了打破千城一面困局的一劑藥方。由此可以對“彌異所”進行再闡釋。彌異所是時代性、地方性和識別性的代名詞，可以理解為：第一，給人帶來震撼感的場所，所謂意料之外、全新呈現；第二，給人帶來代入感的場所，所謂情理之中、參與其中；第三，給人帶來既視感的場所，所謂似曾相識、流連忘返。

這樣的彌異所多了，千城一面就可能變成千城萬貌。這是《城市設計》期刊[千城萬貌]（City Kaleido）欄目設置的初衷和目標。本期刊登了中國15個城市的彌異所（001—015）。

3 “彌異所”

今天，以彌異所命名的學術研究小組“彌異所”（英文為MiYiSuo Group）成立了。“彌異所”要做的事情：一是以城市設計為視角，整合建筑、規劃、景觀、藝術等不同專業領域，建立跨界的設計眼光及其平臺；二是遵循“高手在民間”，從網絡上成千上萬個網紅打卡地中發掘城市中自發形成的彌異所，所謂沒有建筑師的建筑，填補城市設計領域的研究空白;三是結合網絡空間，搭建專業與民眾之間的橋梁，探索全民參與城市空間品質提升平臺。

“彌異所”將是圖像數據的平臺、交流互動的平臺、觀點分享的平臺。

1 Miyisuo

Thirty years ago, when I was studying urban space, I read about Mozi’s discussion of space. “Space is consists of different places.” It means the East, the West, the South,the North around home. This is the concept of “place” in the context of Chinese culture.The place emphasizes the space of people,the so-called “poetic dwelling”. The Miyisuo also emphasizes the space of people, which is precisely the space of “home”. People in the Chinese cultural context are more embodied in the “home”. In the article “The Nature and Cultural Connotation of the Courtyard”,I expounded the similarities and differences between “Miyisuo” and “place”. The key to the word disparity is “extraordinary”, that is,space in different positions. Miyisuo emphasizes the difference, locality and identity of space; pays attention to the activities of different groups of people in space; reflects the matching relationship between activities and space. This is the interpretation of the concept of the Miyisuo.

2 City Kaleido

In recent years, there has been some places recognized by people on internet like online celebrity, so called as Online Celebrity Place. Every region and every city has its Online Celebrity Place, The Online Celebrity Place not only attract tourists from outside,but also fascinate local residents and become direct reflections of the city's richness,diversity and identity. In my opinion, such places like City Kaleido are good interpretation of the spirit of Miyisuo.

There are more lost spaces in the modern cities that people can not identify where they are. The Online Celebrity Place are changing and stimulating the lost spaces to active spaces where people love to go. This makes it possible to reinterpret the “Miyisuo”, which can be understood as this：first,places that give people a sense of shock, socalled unexpected and new presentations;second, places that give people a sense of substitution, so-called rationality, participation in it; third, places that bring people a"deja vu", so-called “already seen”.

The more such a place is, the more beautiful the city with its identity is. This is the original intention and goal of the column City Kaleido of the “Urban Design” journal.There are 15 MiYiSuo Places (001—015) in Chinese cities respectively in this issue of the journal.

3MiYiSuo Group

Today, the academic research group Mi-YiSuo Group is established. What should people do in MiYiSuo Group are like this：First,from the perspective of urban design, you should integrate different fields of architecture, planning, landscape, art, etc., and establish a cross-border design vision and its platform; second, from the thousands of Online Celebrity Place, you can discover the spontaneously formed disparity in the city, so-called buildings without architect. The third is to build a relationship between professionals and the public on internet. It explores the platform for quality improvement of urban space in which all people participate.

MiYiSuo will be a platform for data information, a platform for exchange and interaction, and a platform for sharing ideas.