不同句式的直接引語變間接引語

【語法精講】

一、 如果直接引語是陳述句，變為間接引語時，由連詞that引導（在口語中that常省略）。主句中如果有say to sb.，通常變為tell sb.。例如：

He said， “I get on well with the people here.” → He said that he got on well with the people there.

Susan said， “We can finish the work tomorrow.” → Susan said that they could finish the work the next day.

John said to me， “I told her all about it three days ago.” → John told me that he had told her all about it three days before.

【提示】 當直接引語是兩個并列的陳述句，變為間接引語時，第一個賓語從句前的that可以省略，但第二個賓語從句前的that不可以省略。例如：

He said， “I like swimming and I want to go swimming with you.” → He said （that） he liked swimming and that he wanted to go swimming with us.

二、 如果直接引語是一般/選擇/反意疑問句，變為間接引語時，需要由連詞whether或if引導，同時把原來句子的疑問語序變為陳述句語序。主句中的謂語動詞是said時，要改為asked；沒有間接賓語時，還可根據具體情況加一個間接賓語，如me， us， him等。例如：

The teacher said， “Will you be back today？” → The teacher asked （him / her / me） if / whether he / she / I would be back that day.

He asked， “Has the bell rung？”→ He asked if / whether the bell had rung.

【提示】 1. 大多數情況下，if和whether可以互換，但若后有or not，或在動詞不定式前，或放在介詞后用作連接詞時，一般只用whether。例如：

She asked me whether he could do it or not.

He hesitated about whether to drive or take the train.

2. “Would you like to...？”和“Would you please...？”表示請求，變為間接引語時，常用動詞不定式形式。例如：

“Would you like to help me with my lessons？” she asked me. → She asked me to help her with her lessons.

三、 如果直接引語是特殊疑問句，即由what， which， who， whom， whose， how， why， when， where， how many， how long等引導的疑問句，變為間接引語時，仍用原來的疑問詞引導，但要把原來的疑問語序改為陳述語序。例如：

He asked， “Who can carry the box？”→ He asked who could carry the box. （who作主語，語序不變）

He asked， “Who is the man near the window？” → He asked who the man near the window was. （who作表語，要改為陳述語序）

“Which one do you like best here？” heasked her. → He asked her which one she liked best there.

“How should I read the book？” she asked. → She wanted to know how she should read the book.

四、 如果直接引語是祈使句，變成間接引語時，需要將祈使句的動詞原形變為帶to的不定式，并在不定式的前面根據語氣需要使用ask， tell， order等動詞，其句型是：ask / tell / order sb. to do sth.，此種情況的否定句是在動詞不定式前加not。例如：

The captain ordered， “Be quiet.” → The captain ordered us to be quiet.

My teacher asked me， “Don't laugh.” → My teacher asked me not to laugh.

【提示】 直接引語如果是以Let's開頭的祈使句，變為間接引語時，通常用“suggest + 動名詞（或從句）”。例如：

He said， “Let's go to the film.” → He suggested going to the film. / He suggested that they should go to the film.

【小試身手】

I. 將下列直接引語轉換成間接引語。

1. “Clean the classroom after class today， Jim，” said the monitor.

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2. “Don't play football on the street， little boys，” the policeman said.

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3. She said， “My brother wants to go with me.”

__ __________________________________

4. He told me， “I have lost a pen.”

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5. He said， “Can you swim， John？”

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6. She asked me， “When do they have their dinner？”

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7. “Bring me a cup of tea， David，” said Lily.

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8. “You have finished the homework， haven't you？” my mother asked.

__ __________________________________

9. I asked， “Will you take a bus or take a

train？”

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10. He said， “Let's have a rest.”

__ __________________________________

II. 改正下列句子中的錯誤。

1. Our English teacher suggested us to speak English more often in and out of class.

2. He told us that he had gone to college in 1994.

3. She said that their bus will arrive in five minutes.

4. He ordered the children did not to make any noise.

5. He said that practice made perfect.

6. He said that when he was a child， he usually had played football after school.

7. The doctor said （that） I was not seriously ill and I would be better soon.

8. He asked me if I spoke English or French.

9. She said what it was a lovely day.

10. He asked （me） what was my name.

III. 翻譯下列各句。

1. 他告訴我說他將盡可能地幫助我。

__ __________________________________

2. 媽媽讓我過馬路小心點。

__ __________________________________

3. 她問是否非得吃藥。

__ __________________________________

4. 他總是說他很累。

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5. 他向我們解釋說他遲到是因為交通擁擠。

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