如何進行引語轉換

【語法歸納】

引用別人的話有兩種方式：一種是講述別人的原話，并把它放在引號里，這叫直接引語；另一種是用自己的話來轉述別人的話，并且不能用引號，這就是間接引語。直接引語轉換為間接引語時要注意以下幾點：

一、主句謂語動詞的變化

直接引語是陳述句時，變為間接引語時主句的謂語動詞said to sb. 要變為told sb.；直接引語是一般疑問句或特殊疑問句時，變為間接引語時主句的謂語動詞said要變為asked。如：

Lily said to me， “I'm going to have a birthday party next week.”

→Lily told me she was going to have a birthday party next week. 莉莉告訴我，她下周要辦生日會。

My mother said to me， “Have you finished your homework？”

→My mother asked me if I had finished my homework. 媽媽問我是否已經寫完作業了。

二、 連接詞的使用

直接引語是陳述句，用連接詞that引導，that可以省略；如果是一般疑問句，則要用if或whether來引導；如果是特殊疑問句，則要用原疑問詞來引導。如：

He said， “Most of us like playing football after class.”

→He said （that） most of them liked playing football after class.他說他們中的大多數喜歡放學后踢足球。

I asked Mary， “Did you take part in Anne's party last Saturday？”

→I asked Mary if / whether she had taken part in Anne's party the Saturday before. 我問瑪麗她上周六是否參加了安的聚會。

Tom said to me， “How did you cross the river without a boat？”

→Tom asked me how I had crossed the river without a boat. 湯姆問我怎樣沒船還能渡河。

三、從句語序的變化

無論直接引語是陳述句、一般疑問句還是特殊疑問句，變為間接引語時都要用陳述句的語序。如：

I said to Mary， “Do you really understand the meaning of the sentence？”

→I asked Mary if / whether she really understood the meaning of the sentence. 我問瑪麗是否真地明白了句子的含義。

四、從句人稱的變化

直接引語變為間接引語時，需要根據主句的人稱對從句中的代詞作相應的調整。直接引語是第一人稱，變為間接引語時要和主句的主句一致；直接引語是第二人稱，變為間接引語時要和主句的賓語一致；直接引語是第三人稱，變為間接引語時代詞的人稱不變。如：

John said to me， “I will go climbing by myself.”

→John told me he would go climbing by himself. 約翰告訴我，他將自己去爬山。

My friend asked Tom， “Do you think a diary can become your friend？”

→My friend asked Tom if he thought a diary could become his friend. 我朋友問湯姆是否認為日記可以成為他的朋友。

Father asked Mother， “Have they arrived yet？”

→Father asked mother if they had arrived yet. 爸爸問媽媽他們到了沒。

五、從句時態的變化

主句的謂語動詞是過去時，變為間接引語一般應將直接引語的時態向前推進一級，變成過去的某種時態。見下表：

如：

I said to Mary， “Does your sister like playing the piano？”

→I asked Mary if her sister liked playing the piano. 我問瑪麗她妹妹是否喜歡彈鋼琴。

Father said， “I am going to spend my holiday at the seaside this summer.”

→Father said he was going to spend his holiday at the seaside that summer. 爸爸告訴我，他將去海邊度過夏天。

The boy said to Mum， “I have already learned 10 English songs.”

→The boy told Mum that he had already learned 10 English songs. 男孩告訴媽媽他已經學會十首英語歌了。

注意：在下列情況下，變為間接引語時，從句中謂語動詞的時態不變：

1. 直接引語是諺語、客觀事實、真理時，變成間接引語時謂語動詞的時態不變。如：

The teacher said to us， “Light travels much faster than sound.”

The teacher told us that light travels much faster than sound. 老師告訴我們光比聲音傳播得快。

2. 直接引語的謂語動詞是一般過去時，并且和具體的過去時間連用，變成間接引語時動詞時態不變。如：

He said， “The People's Republic of China was founded on October 1， 1949.”

→He said that the People's Republic of China was founded on October 1， 1949. 他說中華人民共和國成立于1949年10月1日。

六、從句時間狀語的變化

直接引語變為間接引語時，由于從句時態發生了變化，所以時間狀語也要作相應的調整。

1. 與現在有關的時間狀語now要變為then； today， this morning （afternoon， evening， week） 要變為that day （morning， afternoon， week）。如：

The teacher said， “I haven't seen Jane today.”

The teacher said he hadn't seen Jane that day. 老師說他那天沒看見簡。

2. 與將來有關的時間狀語tomorrow， tomorrow morning（afternoon， evening）， next week， month）要變為the next day （morning， afternoon， week， month）。the day after tomorrow要變為in two days time。如：

Jane told me， “I am going abroad next week.”

→Jane told me she was going abroad the next week. 簡告訴我，她下周要出國。

3. 與過去有關的時間狀語yesterday （morning， evening）， last night （week， year）， two days （a week） ago要變為the day （morning， evening） before， the night （week， year） before， two days （a week） before。如：

My sister said， “I read the book several weeks ago.”

→My sister said she had read the book several weeks before. 我妹妹說幾周前她就開始讀這本書了。

七、其他詞語的變化

指示代詞this要變為that，these變為those，地點副詞here要變為there，時間副詞now 要變成then，動詞come要變為go，bring要變為take等。如：

He said to me， “This car belongs to me.”

→He told me that car belonged to him.他告訴我，那輛車是他的。

【牛刀小試】

I. 將下列句子變為間接引語，每空一詞。

1. He said， “It will take us about an hour to do the experiment.”

He said that it ________ ________ ________ an hour to do the experiment.

2. The teacher said to me， “Is this the reason why you are late for class？”

The teacher asked me ________ ________ ________ the reason I was late for class.

3. Mary asked me， “Have you seen the film Titanic？”

Mary asked me ________ ________ ________ ________ the film Titanic.

4. I asked Tom， “Where did you put the dictionary？”

I asked Tom ________ ________ ________ ________ the dictionary.

5. Lily said to me， “How long have you taught in the school？”

Lily asked me how long ________ ________ ________ in the school.

II. 將下列句子變為直接引語，每空一詞。

1. He said that he can't finish the book within that week.

He said， “I ________ ________ the book

within ________ week.”

2. My friend told me Bob had played the piano at John's party the day before.

My friend said to me， “Bob ________ the piano at John's party ________.”

3. Mary told me that she was not feeling well in the stomach.

Mary said to me， “________ ________ not feeling well in the stomach.”

4. He asked me whether I would go to the concert with him the next evening.

He said to me， “________ ________ go to the concert with me ________ ________？”

5. My brother asked me what I was doing in the room.

My brother asked me， “________ ________ ________ ________ in the room？”

III. 根據漢語提示完成句子，每空一詞。

1. 約翰問我晚上是否呆在家里。

John asked me ________ ________ ________ stay at home in the evening.

2. 他說他已經通過了駕駛考試。

He said that ________ ________ ________ the driving test.

3. 老師告訴我們地球圍繞太陽旋轉。

The teacher told us that the earth ________ ________ the sun.

4. 爸爸問我和同學們相處得怎么樣。

Father asked me ________ ________ ________ getting along with my classmates.

5. 我告訴他我已經到達了車站。

I told him that ________ ________ ____ __ at the airport.