方立挺 鄭悅 陳福春
[摘要] 目的 探討多層螺旋CT灌注成像對外周型小結節狀肺腺癌淋巴結轉移的診斷價值。 方法 選取2014年4月~2015年10月我院就診的320例外周型小結節狀肺腺癌患者為研究對象,所有患者均進行多層螺旋CT灌注成像,采用元相關分析的手段,探討患者多層螺旋CT灌注成像參數:強化峰值(PEI)、血容量(BV)、血流量(BF)和患者淋巴結轉移以及術后復發轉移的關系。 結果 320例研究對象中,201例有淋巴結轉移,119例無淋巴結轉移,有淋巴結轉移組的強化峰值(PEI)、血容量(BV)、血流量(BF)均顯著低于無淋巴結轉移組,差異有統計學意義(P<0.05);隨訪2年后,119例無淋巴結轉移的患者中,87例出現復發轉移,32例無復發轉移,有復發轉移組的強化峰值(PEI)、血流量(BF)均顯著低于無復發轉移組,差異有統計學意義(P<0.05);有復發轉移組的血容量(BV)和無復發轉移組無顯著差異(P>0.05)。 結論 多層螺旋CT灌注成像能有效預測外周型小結節狀肺腺癌淋巴結轉移和術后轉移復發情況,具有臨床指導意義,值得臨床推廣應用。
[關鍵詞] 多層螺旋CT;灌注成像;外周型小結節狀肺腺癌;淋巴結轉移;術后轉移復發
[中圖分類號] R734.2;R730.44 [文獻標識碼] B [文章編號] 1673-9701(2018)12-0113-03
Diagnostic value of multi-slice spiral CT perfusion imaging on lymph node metastasis of peripheral nodular pulmonary adenocarcinoma
FANG Liting1 ZHENG Yue1 CHEN Fuchun2
1.Department of Raidology, Wenling Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Zhejiang Province, Wenling 317500, China; 2.Department of Thoracic Surgery, Wenling Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Zhejiang Province, Wenling 317500, China
[Abstract] Objective To investigate the diagnostic value of multi-slice spiral CT perfusion imaging on lymph node metastasis of peripheral nodular pulmonary adenocarcinoma. Methods 320 patients with peripheral nodular pulmonary adenocarcinoma in our hospital from April 2014 to October 2015 were selected. All patients went through multi-slice spiral CT perfusion imaging. Meta correlation analysis was used to investigate the associations of indices of multi-slice spiral CT perfusion imaging[peak enhancement image (PEI), blood volume (BV) and blood flow (BF)]with lymph node metastasis and postoperative metastasis and recurrence. Results Out of 320 subjects, 201 patients were with lymph node metastasis and 119 patients were without lymph node metastasis. PEI, BV and BF of patients with lymph node metastasis were significantly lower than those of patients without lymph node metastasis(P<0.05). After 2-year follow-up, out of 119 patients without lymph node metastasis, metastasis and recurrence were observed in 87 patients and 32 patients were still without metastasis or recurrence. Among these patients, PEI, BF of patients with metastasis and recurrence were significantly lower than those of patients without metastasis or recurrence(P<0.05) while the values of BV in two groups of patients were not significantly different(P>0.05). Conclusion Multi-slice spiral CT perfusion imaging could predict the lymph node metastasis and postoperative metastasis and recurrence in patients with peripheral nodular pulmonary adenocarcinoma. It was worth clinical promotion and application.
[Key words] Multi-slice spiral CT; Perfusion imaging; Peripheral nodular pulmonary adenocarcinoma; Lymph node metastasis; Postoperative metastasis and recurrence
外周型小結節狀肺腺癌是肺腺癌的一種[1,2],屬于非小細胞肺癌,早期臨床表現往往不典型,易發生淋巴結轉移,嚴重威脅患者的生命健康[3,4]。1998年在單、雙螺旋CT的基礎上推出了多層螺旋CT(Multi-slice computed tomography,MSCT)灌注成像[5,6],在注入增強對比劑時進行多層面掃描,通過計算組織的血流灌注量評價組織的灌注情況[7],使CT在醫學上的應用有質的發展[8]。而多層螺旋CT灌注成像參數:強化峰值(PEI)、血容量(BV)、血流量(BF)可以很好地反映腫瘤血管的通透性和密集度[9],與腫瘤的淋巴結轉移以及復發密切相關[10]。本研究旨在探討多層螺旋CT灌注成像對外周型小結節狀肺腺癌淋巴結轉移的診斷價值[11],現報道如下。
1 資料與方法
1.1 一般資料
選取2014年4月~2015年10月我院就診的320例外周型小結節狀肺腺癌患者為研究對象,所有患者均符合以下入選標準:①經影像學或病理學確診為外周型小結節狀肺腺癌;②肺部結節R<2 cm;③術前行多層螺旋CT平掃和灌注成像;④無遠處轉移,可手術治療,手術方式為肺葉切除;⑤術前未進行放化療的患者;⑥無合并其他惡性腫瘤;⑦無嚴重心、肝、腎功能障礙;⑧無凝血功能障礙;⑨均給予系統性淋巴結清除術。其中,男178例,女142例;年齡31~76歲,平均(46.8±5.4)歲;分化程度:低級分化107例,中分化112例,高分化101例;淋巴結轉移情況:201例患者有淋巴結轉移,119例患者無淋巴結轉移;隨訪2年復發轉移情況:119例無淋巴結轉移的患者中,87例出現術后復發轉移,32例未出現復發轉移。
1.2 掃描方法
1.2.1 CT平掃 采用philips 64排螺旋CT,掃描前指導患者進行屏氣訓練,屏氣時間達到30 s。患者屏氣狀態下常規完成心肺平掃,分析圖像,選取病灶最大層面及相鄰層面為灌注掃描層面。設置掃描參數為:120 kV,100 mA;矩陣:512×512;層厚:5 mm;范圍:胸廓入口至肺底;掃描視野:220~380 mm。
1.2.2 多層螺旋CT灌注掃描 根據CT平掃圖像確定病灶最大層面,選取上下4個層面進行灌注掃描。經前臂淺靜脈將非離子對比劑(碘海醇,300 mgI/mL)用高壓注射器注入100 mL,注射后延遲7 s進行掃描。設置掃描參數為:120 kV,80 mA;掃描速度:0.5 s/圈;采集數據時間:30 s。由三位經驗豐富的放射科技師完成掃描。掃描時患者盡量憋氣。采用雙盲法評價患者多層螺旋CT灌注成像的圖像。
1.3 觀察指標
根據多層螺旋CT灌注成像,分析患者灌注參數:①強化峰值(PEI):反映增強對比劑的濃度,由腫塊增強最大值-腫塊平掃CT值;②血容量(BV):反映全身有效循環血量,通過對比劑的濃度,推算出循環血量;③血流量(BF):根據CT灌注成像的不同強化時間增強CT值,推算出組織器官的血流量。
1.4 統計學處理
采用SPSS17.0統計學軟件進行數據分析。計量資料以(x±s)表示,采用t檢驗;計數資料采用χ2檢驗。以P<0.05為差異有統計學意義。
2 結果
2.1 病理結果
入選患者均經病理學確診為外周型小結節狀肺腺癌,結果見封三圖8、9。
2.2 強化峰值(PEI)、血容量(BV)、血流量(BF)與患者淋巴結轉移情況分析
320例研究對象中,201例有淋巴結轉移,119例無淋巴結轉移,有淋巴結轉移組的強化峰值(PEI)、血容量(BV)、血流量(BF)均顯著低于無淋巴結轉移組,差異有統計學意義(P<0.05),見表1。
2.3 強化峰值(PEI)、血容量(BV)、血流量(BF)與患者術后復發轉移的關系
隨訪2年后,119例無淋巴結轉移的患者中,87例出現復發轉移,32例無復發轉移,有復發轉移組的強化峰值(PEI)、血流量(BF)均顯著低于無復發轉移組,差異有統計學意義(P<0.05);有復發轉移組的血容量(BV)和無復發轉移組無顯著差異(P>0.05),見表2。
3討論
正常人體淋巴結與周圍組織無粘連、表面光滑、體積小、無壓痛,不僅是免疫應答的主要器官之一,也是接受抗原刺激,產生免疫應答的場所。當病原體入侵機體后,可通過毛細淋巴管回流入淋巴結,淋巴細胞會產生淋巴因子和抗體,有效地清除其中的病原體,但對病毒和癌細胞的清除率非常低。當身體某部分發生嚴重炎癥、腫瘤時,均可引起淋巴結的疼痛、腫大。外周型小結節狀肺腺癌屬于非小細胞肺癌[12,13],其中淋巴轉移是非小細胞肺癌最常見的轉移途徑之一[9],有無淋巴結轉移對患者病情的分期、治療方案的選擇以及預后的判斷有重要意義。CT影像學檢查作為一種無創檢查手段,是目前臨床上評價外周型小結節狀肺腺癌是否有淋巴結轉移的主要手段之一[14]。CT灌注成像是通過靜脈注入對比劑后,連續掃描選定層面,橫坐標為時間,縱坐標為CT值,繪制時間-密度曲線,通過對比劑在組織中濃度的不同來反映組織灌注量的變化,是CT掃描史上的重大突破,通過無創手段獲取活體組織器官的相關生理參數[15,16],CT灌注成像也為腫瘤生長、分級、治療手段、預后判斷提供相關生理參數。CT灌注成像基于對比劑具有放射性同位素彌散性,在靜脈快速團注對比劑時,對感興趣區層面進行連續CT掃描,從而獲得感興趣區域的時間-密度曲線,并利用數學模型,計算出相應的灌注參數值,能量化并有效地反映局部組織血流灌注量,對明確病灶的血供具有重要意義。CT灌注成像具有諸多優勢:成像速度比CT平掃快、掃描一次可通過重建得到不同層厚的數據、能完成大范圍掃描、圖像質量提高等[17]。其中灌注相關參數:強化峰值(PEI)、血容量(BV)[18]、血流量(BF)可反映出腫瘤血管的通透程度和密集程度,可作為評價外周型小結節狀肺腺癌生理指標的重要依據[19,20]。
本研究中,選取2014年4月~2015年10月我院就診的320例外周型小結節狀肺腺癌患者為研究對象,所有患者均進行多層螺旋CT灌注成像,采用元相關分析的手段,探討患者多層螺旋CT灌注成像參數:強化峰值(PEI)、血容量(BV)、血流量(BF)和患者淋巴結轉移以及術后復發轉移的關系。結果顯示:320研究對象中,201例有淋巴結轉移,119例無淋巴結轉移,有淋巴結轉移組的強化峰值(PEI)、血容量(BV)、血流量(BF)均顯著低于無淋巴結轉移組,差異有統計學意義(P<0.05);隨訪2年后,119例無淋巴結轉移的患者中,87例出現復發轉移,32例無復發轉移,有復發轉移組的強化峰值(PEI)、血流量(BF)均顯著低于無復發轉移組,差異有統計學意義(P<0.05);有復發轉移組的血容量(BV)和無復發轉移組無顯著差異(P>0.05)。
綜上所述,多層螺旋CT灌注成像能有效預測外周型小結節狀肺腺癌淋巴結轉移和術后復發轉移情況,具有臨床指導意義,值得臨床推廣應用。
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(收稿日期:2018-01-02)