栽培模式對甘肅旱區(qū)胡麻地土壤酶活性及胡麻 產(chǎn)量的影響

陳軍 王立光 葉春雷 李進(jìn)京 歐巧明 羅俊杰

摘要：采用定位試驗(yàn)，研究不同栽培模式對胡麻土壤酶活性及產(chǎn)量變化特征的影響。結(jié)果表明，在0～20 cm耕作層，胡麻與小麥輪作、胡麻連作、胡麻與小麥間作模式下土壤蔗糖酶、脲酶、過氧化氫酶活性變化規(guī)律具有明顯的相似性，蔗糖酶活性不斷增加，脲酶、過氧化氫酶活性先降低后增加，堿性磷酸酶活性略有所不同；在20～40 cm亞土層，胡麻與小麥輪作、胡麻連作、胡麻與小麥間作模式下的土壤脲酶活性變化規(guī)律具有明顯的相似性，其余3種酶活性變化規(guī)律發(fā)生改變，說明深層土壤酶活性受到外因的干擾增多。合理的作物種植模式可以明顯影響作物的產(chǎn)量及產(chǎn)量構(gòu)成，輪作制度有效的緩解了胡麻連作帶來的連作危害，而間作處理在一定程度上打破了連作可能帶來的負(fù)面效應(yīng)，但是效果有限。

關(guān)鍵詞：栽培模式；胡麻；土壤酶活性；產(chǎn)量

中圖分類號：S563.2 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)志碼：A 文章編號：1001-1463（2018）05-0042-05

doi：10.3969/j.issn.1001-1463.2018.05.014

Effects of Cultivation Patterns on Yield and Soil Enzyme Activities in Flax Field in Arid Area in Gansu

CHEN Jun， WANG Liguang， YE Chunlei， LI Jinjing， OU Qiaoming， LUO Junjie

（Institute of Biotechnology， Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences， Lanzhou Gansu 730070， China）

Abstract：Using the method of location test， the effects of different cultivation patterns on the soil enzyme activities and yield variation characteristics of flax were studied. The results show that the changes of sucrase， urease and catalase activities under the pattern of flax-wheat crop rotation （T1）， flax continuous cropping （T2） and flax-wheat intercropping（T3） were obviously similar， the activity of sucrase was increased， the activities of urease and catalase decreased at first and then increased， and the activity of alkaline phosphatase was slightly different in 0～20 cm tillage layer. The changes of urease activity under the pattern of T1， T2 and T3 had obvious similarities， and the changes of the activities of the other three enzymes began to vary， indicating that the soil enzyme activity in deep soil was increased by the interference of external factors in 20～40 cm Sub-layer. The reasonable cropping patterns can significantly affect crop yield and yield composition， the crop rotation system effectively mitigated the continuous cropping hazards caused by continuous cropping of flax， while the intercropping treatment broke the negative effect possibly caused by continuous cropping to a certain extent， but the effect was limited， and the correlation between the two needs to be further studied.

Key words：Cultivation pattern；Flax；Soil enzyme activity；Yield

輪作利用不同作物對養(yǎng)分的需求不同進(jìn)而改變土壤微生態(tài)位變化，連作通過影響作物生理變化來抑制作物生長；間作利用生物多樣性來改變土壤與作物間的微生態(tài)關(guān)系，進(jìn)而改善土壤環(huán) 境[1 - 2 ]。研究表明，3種栽培模式均與土壤酶活性變化息息相關(guān)，目前國內(nèi)外研究的熱點(diǎn)問題之一就是栽培模式與土壤酶活性間的作用機(jī)制及效應(yīng)應(yīng)答。

土壤酶是研究土壤特征變化最活躍的因子之一，它直接參與土壤中物質(zhì)的轉(zhuǎn)化、養(yǎng)分釋放和固定過程，是作物、微生物相互作用，調(diào)節(jié)土壤代謝微動態(tài)變化的關(guān)鍵。……