楊芳芳 冉立民 熱比耶·努日
摘要? 分析且末縣適宜紅棗生長(zhǎng)的氣候條件,重點(diǎn)介紹了沙塵天氣和干熱風(fēng)對(duì)紅棗種植的影響,并針對(duì)性地提出種植建議,為紅棗種植過程中趨利避害、優(yōu)質(zhì)高產(chǎn)和減災(zāi)防災(zāi)提供氣象服務(wù)。
關(guān)鍵詞 且末縣;氣候條件;紅棗種植;影響;生產(chǎn)建議
中圖分類號(hào):S665.1 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼:A 文章編號(hào):2095-3305(2018)06-077-02
DOI: 10.19383/j.cnki.nyzhyj.2018.06.035
Effects of Climatic Condi tions on Jujube Planting and Production Sugges tions in Qiemo County
YANG Fang-fang? et al(Qiemo County Meteorological Bureau, Qiemo, Xinjiang 841900)
Abstract The suitable climatic conditions of jujube growing in Qiemo County were analyzed, and the effects of dust and dry hot wind on the jujube planting were introduced. In addition, the planting suggestions were put forward in order to provide meteorological services for the benefit and protection, high quality and high yield, disaster reduction and prevention in the planting process of jujube.
Key words? ?Qiemo County; Climatic conditions; Jujube planting; Effect; Production suggestions
紅棗的營養(yǎng)成分豐富,鮮食加工皆可;紅棗樹抗旱、耐貧瘠,適應(yīng)性較強(qiáng),管理也較為方便,產(chǎn)量穩(wěn)定,種植棗樹投入小,收益大。這些特點(diǎn)使得紅棗在眾多林果中脫穎而出,近年來種植面積不斷加大。且末縣位于南疆的塔里木盆地東南緣,年平均氣溫11.7℃,春夏季降水異常偏少,干旱情況明顯。全年無霜期243 d,年日照時(shí)數(shù)2 853.2 h,僅次于青藏高原,年蒸發(fā)量為1 977.3 mm。且末縣水資源豐富,年總徑流量18億m3。且末縣紅棗果實(shí)飽滿,含糖量高,皮薄肉厚,品質(zhì)極優(yōu)。近年來,且末縣紅棗種植面積迅速增大。研究且末縣紅棗種植的氣候條件,得出最適宜紅棗種植的氣候條件和范圍,為紅棗種植過程中趨利避害、優(yōu)質(zhì)高產(chǎn)和防災(zāi)減災(zāi)提供氣象服務(wù)。
1 紅棗種植的適宜氣候條件
1.1 溫度
紅棗樹耐旱、耐寒,在生長(zhǎng)的整個(gè)時(shí)期對(duì)溫度條件要求比較高。13~15℃時(shí)開始萌芽,抽枝、展葉和出現(xiàn)花蕾所需要的溫度是17~18℃,果實(shí)的適宜生長(zhǎng)發(fā)育溫度為23~28℃。6—9月,晝夜溫差平均約為16.6℃,較大的氣溫日較差利于紅棗果實(shí)糖分的積累。當(dāng)秋季氣溫平均低于14℃時(shí),紅棗樹就停止生長(zhǎng),開始落葉。紅棗樹可以耐40℃的高溫,休眠期時(shí)即使溫度低于-30℃,對(duì)其影響也不大。……