王家棟 張譜海 謝遠珍 朱心國 閆美英 曾慶利 謝文博 殷得所
摘要:再生稻近年來在中國長江流域特別是江漢平原再次煥發生機,發展迅速,成為糧食生產供給側結構性改革的一個新方向。但該區域目前還缺乏針對性的再生稻品種選育研究為其提供品種支撐。選擇市場上出現的再生稻新品種,對其進行了初步生產適應性篩選試驗,對參試再生稻品種的熟期、產量、抗性進行了比較試驗,旨在為用種單位提供品種選擇的參考。
關鍵詞:再生稻;機械化生產;適應性;江漢平原
中圖分類號:S511 文獻標識碼:A 文章編號:0439-8114(2018)10-0024-04
DOI:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2018.10.006
Screening of Ratooning Rice Varieties for Mechanization Adaptation in Jianghan Plain
WANG Jia-dong1,ZHANG Pu-hai1,XIE Yuan-zhen1,ZHU Xin-guo2,YAN Mei-ying2,
ZENG Qing-li3,XIE Wen-bo3,YIN De-suo4
(1.Shishou City Agricultural Technology Promotion Center,Shishou 434400,Hubei,China;2.Dangyang Yuyang Agricultural Service Center,Dangyang 444100,Hubei,China;3.Caidian District Agricultural Committee,Wuhan 430100,China;4.Institute of Food Crops,Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Wuhan 430064,China)
Abstract: Ratooning rice has become a new rice planting style in Yangtze river area in recent years,and developed fast. Ratooning rice production is in coincidence with the reform requirement for reducing fertilizer and pesticide. But this rapidly developed trend has not been well supported by existing breeding programs. For this reason,the screening trials were conducted to compare and identify the well adapted rice varieties in Jianghan plain area,and the results could provide information for customers to choose right variety with mechanization adaptation.
Key words: ratooning rice; mechanized production; adaptability; Jianghan plain
近年來,再生稻在中國農村勞動力結構發生改變,要求水稻生產比較效益提高的社會環境下,又蓬勃發展起來。再生稻是中國特有的種植模式,可以追溯到1 700年前,在中國有著悠久的歷史[1]。該種植模式適合在光熱條件不夠雙季稻,但種植一季稻又有多余的地區。再生稻模式符合當前國家節能環保、減肥減藥的農業發展新趨勢。據報道,目前再生稻兩季總產可達800 kg/667 m2,最高可比一季中稻增產53.8%,農藥用量減少40%左右,肥料用量減少30%~50%[2],此外,稻米外觀與口感還顯著提高。發展再生稻不僅能保障糧食安全,還能提供優質優價的稻米產品,激發了專家和農民的極大興趣。但是,由于過去國家并沒有制定專門培育再生稻品種的育種策略和品種儲備,使得當前迅速發展的再生稻面臨品種多樣性不夠以及品種儲備和更新不足的問題。
發展再生稻符合國家供給側結構性改革的要求,江漢平原具有發展再生稻的條件,且潛力巨大。……