易永 李民華 姚秋云 黃晚華
摘要:為了研究種植密度對武陵山區夏玉米生長和產量的影響,設置5.14萬株/hm2(現有正常密度)、5.98萬株/hm2、6.55萬株/hm2、7.08萬株/hm2 4個田間密度進行了試驗。結果表明,各種植密度生育進程基本相同,群體干物質增長速度具有低密度前慢后快和高密度前快后慢的特點,各種植密度群體最終總生物量差別不大。種植密度和產量呈拋物線變化趨勢,通過種植密度的增加,以促使群體生物量轉化為產量,試驗中設置的3個較高密度較正常密度增產8%~14%,以種植密度6.55萬株/hm2產量最高。
關鍵詞:夏玉米;種植密度;生長發育;產量;武陵山區
中圖分類號:S513 文獻標識碼:A 文章編號:0439-8114(2018)10-0021-03
DOI:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2018.10.005
Influence of Planting Density on the Growth and Yield of Summer Maize
in Wuling Mountain Area
YI Yong1,2,LI Ming-hua1,2,YAO Qiu-yun1,2,HUANG Wan-hua1
(1.Key Laboratory of Hunan Meteorological Disaster Prevention and Reduction,Changsha 410000,China;
2.Huaihua Meteorological Bureau,Huaihua 418000,Hunan,China)
Abstract: In order to study the effect of planting density on the growth and yield of summer maize in Wuling mountain area,4 field density tests were carried out by setting 4 densities of 51 400 plants/hm2(normal density),59 800 plants/hm2,65 500 plants/hm2,70 800 plants/hm2. The results showed that the growth processes of different density were basically the same. The colony dry matter of lower density increased relative slowly in early stage and fast in later period, and the colony dry matter of higher density showed opposite trend. The final total biomass of each density had no significant difference. Density and yield showed a parabolic trend. The increase of sinks was beneficial to the transformation of population biomass into yield. The yield of three higher density treatments in the experiment were 8%~14% higher than the normal density. The yield with the density of 65 500 plants/hm2 was the highest.
Key words: summer maize; planting density; growth and development; yield; Wuling mountain area
適宜的種植密度是保證農作物群體充分利用氣候、水肥等資源,獲取高產的重要栽培措施。李少昆等[1]、焦建偉等[2]的研究總結指出適當的密度是玉米獲取高產的重要因素。余長平等[3]、曹殿云等[4]、杜飛鴿等[5]通過田間試驗研究了種植密度對不同玉米品種產量的影響,指出適當增加種植密度可增加玉米產量。有研究表明,在一定的種植密度范圍內,水稻及向日葵產量隨著密度增加而增加[6-8]。
玉米為武陵山區乃至長江中上游山區重要的旱糧作物,隨著種植結構的調整,夏玉米種植面積逐年擴大,但該區域內的夏玉米生長季內的日均光熱資源明顯多于春玉米,因此適當提高種植密度,提高夏玉米群體的氣候資源利用率,可能是提高夏玉米產量的重要途徑[9-12]。
針對此問題,2017年在武陵山區開展夏玉米密度種植試驗,以期獲得適宜的種植密度以實現提高產量的目的,同時為長江中上游夏玉米種植提供參考。……