劉序 黃輝躍 榮飛雪 周海燕 汪仁全 王相權 楊杰智 王用軍 王仕林
摘要:為了研究最新育成適宜長江流域生態區的油菜品種(組合)對機械化收獲的適應性,以改進后的隨機碰撞法對長江上游區域試驗的22個甘藍型油菜(Brassica napus L.)品種(組合)進行了抗裂角性鑒定。結果表明,抗裂角指數為0.05~0.76,對照品種蓉油18的抗裂角指數為0.16,極易裂;對照品種中雙11(常規品種)的抗裂角指數為0.61,為中抗。鑒定出平均抗裂角指數較高的新品種(組合)7個,分別是邡牌油555、萬油26、綿油21、慶油8號、內油835、黔油31、德新油97。對抗裂角指數較高的7個新品種(組合)的產量、抗倒伏、抗病等性狀進一步進行了分析,篩選出了具有適宜機械化收獲性狀的慶油8號、內油835、黔油31、萬油26,對這4個品種(組合)的產量等性狀還有待進一步研究。
關鍵詞:甘藍型油菜(Brassica napus L.);抗裂角指數;品種篩選
中圖分類號:S565.4 文獻標識碼:A 文章編號:0439-8114(2018)10-0014-04
DOI:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2018.10.003
Screening of Pod Shatter Resistance for Machine Harvesting from New Breeding Hybrids or Lines in Brassica napus
LIU Xu,HUANG Hui-yue,RONG Fei-xue,ZHOU Hai-yan,WANG Ren-quan,
WANG Xiang-quan,YANG Jie-zhi,WANG Yong-jun,WANG Shi-lin
(Neijiang Academy of Agricultural Science in Sichuan Province, Neijiang 641000, Sichuan, China)
Abstract: In order to understand the suitability of newly developed lines in the ecological area of the Yangtze river basin for machine harvesting,22 hybrids or lines of Brassica napus involved in the national regional trials of the upper Yangtze river reaches were assessed for pod shatter resistance using improved random impact test method. The results showed that pod shatter resistant index ranged from 0.05-0.76. The index of control variety Rongyou18 was 0.16,with a very low pod shatter resistance. The index of control variety Zhongshuang 11 was 0.61,with an intermediate resistance. 7 new hybrids or lines with higher average pod shatter resistance index were identified,including Fngpaiyou 555,Wanyou 26,Mianyou 21,Qingyou 8,Neiyou 835,Qianyou 31 and Dexinyou 97. Based on further analysis of other important agronomic traits of the 7 hybrids or lines with relatively high pod shatter resistance,4 hybrids,including Wanyou 26,Qingyou 8,Neiyou 835 and Qianyou 31,could be used for machine harvesting cultivation. The yield and other traits of these 4 varieties should be further evaluated.
Key words: Brassica napus L.;pod shatter resistant index;variety screening
油菜(Brassica napus L.)是中國的主要油料作物,近年來中國食用油供需矛盾十分突出,采取各種措施不斷增加油菜產量、提高油菜生產效率是油菜研究的重大課題。為了解決這些問題,油菜科研工作者進行了深入研究,取得了可喜進展,但影響油菜產量和機械收獲的油菜裂角問題在國內未引起足夠重視[1]。研究表明,基于油菜角果的生理構造,在機械化收獲模式下,因角果開裂所造成的損失占油菜子粒總產量的8%~12%,如若延遲收獲,則會增加到20%以上。而對于機械化來說,提前收獲雖然可以降低自然脫落的損失,但由于植株含水量高,難以脫粒,還可能導致糊篩[2]。……