如何寫好英語作文的正文

湖北 陳裕明

正文是文章的主體部分，它是由若干個(gè)段落組成的。文章的正文應(yīng)以文章的開頭為線索，具體地?cái)⑹觥⒄f明或論證文章的主題。

現(xiàn)根據(jù)作文題型，就作文中的正文寫作進(jìn)行舉例說明：

(一)要點(diǎn)類作文

要點(diǎn)類作文的體裁包括記敘文、說明文、議論文、應(yīng)用文等。基本要求是從一個(gè)話題出發(fā)，按照題綱要求進(jìn)行寫作，同時(shí)提出作者自己的觀點(diǎn)，有一定的字?jǐn)?shù)要求。

1.開門見山，進(jìn)行正文的寫作。

這類作文就是根據(jù)提示內(nèi)容進(jìn)行寫作。提示內(nèi)容較多時(shí)，基本不用拓展。例如：

上周六上午，你和父母一起騎自行車去了一家草莓采摘觀光園（提示1）。首先聽主人講述了自己的故事：16歲時(shí)，車禍奪去了她的雙腿，在政府和家人的幫助下創(chuàng)建草莓采摘觀光園，每年收入近百萬元，并吸引了大量游客（提示2）。然后和園主合影，并在園內(nèi)餐館就餐（提示3）。

(提示1)Last Saturday morning, I rode to a Strawberry Picking and Sightseeing Garden with my parents, because it was not far from my home.(提示2)We listened to the story of the owner of the Strawberry Picking and Sightseeing Garden. At the age of 16, she lost both of her legs because of a car accident. With the help of the government and her family,she set up the Strawberry Picking and Sightseeing Garden. The annual income was close to one million yuan and it attracted a large number of tourists. (提示3)We also took photos with the owner and had lunch at the Strawberry Picking and Sightseeing Garden.

It was a great weekend and I had a wonderful time.

本文的正文部分是Last Saturday...and Sightseeing Garden.。作者依次完成了提示內(nèi)容（即材料）的寫作，因?yàn)樽謹(jǐn)?shù)的限制，拓展部分只有“because it was not far from my home”及短文最后一句“It was a great weekend and I had a wonderful time.”。

2.結(jié)合所給句子，進(jìn)行正文的銜接和擴(kuò)寫。

結(jié)合所給出的句子和要點(diǎn)內(nèi)容進(jìn)行正文內(nèi)容的擴(kuò)寫時(shí)，要注意關(guān)聯(lián)詞語的正確運(yùn)用。例如：

請根據(jù)下列表格內(nèi)容寫一篇題為“How can we make ourselves safe? ”的英語短文。

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How can we make ourselves safe?

As teenagers, to learn how to make ourselves safe is especially important. Here are some of my suggestions.

First, (要點(diǎn)2)we are supposed to be careful when making friends online, which may cause unnecessary trouble.(要點(diǎn)4)Second, remember never to go swimming on our own in the river or lake because doing that will probably put ourselves into dangerous situations.(要點(diǎn)1)Besides, in order to eat healthily and safely, we'd better eat less junk food and not eat food that goes bad, for they will do harm to our health.(要點(diǎn)3)At last, when traveling outside, take care of our personal things and call the police for help in time if we are in danger.

In short, safety must come first!

雖然本文的行文方式使得提示內(nèi)容順序發(fā)生改變，但符合提示要求。要點(diǎn)2用句型be supposed to do sth.來強(qiáng)調(diào)“交友安全”，用which may cause unnecessary trouble來理解“不和陌生人交談”；要點(diǎn)4使用祈使句remember never to...來強(qiáng)調(diào)“游泳安全”；要點(diǎn)1用besides來銜接上文，引入“飲食安全”；要點(diǎn)3的at last表示完成了提示的最后一點(diǎn)“旅行安全”，用when traveling outside點(diǎn)題，完成提示內(nèi)容的表達(dá)。

(二)提問式提示作文

此類作文的提問形式有中文提問和英文提問。正文寫作時(shí)必須結(jié)合提問內(nèi)容來完成。例如：

請以“A precious present”為題，寫一篇短文。內(nèi)容包括：

1.這件禮物是什么？

2.你為什么覺得它珍貴？

3.它背后有什么故事？

A precious present

(問題1)The title A precious present reminds me of quite a few gifts I've got. Yet, the first comes to my mind is the book, the Adventures of Tom Sawyer.

(問題3)On my tenth birthday, my father gave it to me as a gift. Because I didn't like reading, I put it on the bookshelf. One boring day, I picked it up and looked through it. Unexpectedly, the story interested me greatly. I found pleasure in reading books. From then on, I became fascinated in reading.

(問題2)Though the book is not valuable, it's precious. I'll regard it as a treasure forever.

此類作文，一般是按照提問的順序進(jìn)行正文寫作的，但本文屬例外。第一段說明禮物是什么；第二段講述該禮物背后的故事；第二段最后一句話和第三段說明禮物珍貴的原因。

（三）表格作文

表格中的內(nèi)容有一定的情節(jié)，細(xì)節(jié)則需要根據(jù)提示內(nèi)容或參考詞匯進(jìn)行思考、分析，從而理順?biāo)悸罚瓿梢欢ǖ墓适虑楣?jié)，然后將一篇限定詞數(shù)的正文內(nèi)容補(bǔ)充完整。例如：

目前，許多中學(xué)生利用周末和節(jié)假日上課外補(bǔ)習(xí)班，對此人們有不同的看法。請根據(jù)下表內(nèi)容寫一篇英語短文。

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Nowadays, many middle school students are taking all kinds of after-school classes at weekends or on holidays.There are two different opinions about it.

Some people think that (贊成觀點(diǎn)1) taking afterschool classes can help students learn better and get into a better high school. What's more,(贊成觀點(diǎn)2)students can avoid spending too much time watching TV or playing computer games.

However,(反對觀點(diǎn)1) others think students need time to rest and relax. (反對觀點(diǎn)2)After-school classes can cause a lot of stress for students, and it is not good for their development.

(自己的觀點(diǎn)1) In my opinion, if necessary, we can take after-school classes, but it can't take up too much time.(自己的觀點(diǎn)2) We should first rest well at weekends and on holidays.

正文部分分成三段：一段陳述贊成的理由，兩個(gè)理由用what's more來銜接，突出重點(diǎn)；一段陳述反對的理由，由however引出反對的理由，形成對比；最后一段表明自己的觀點(diǎn)，突出使用in my opinion來強(qiáng)調(diào)自己的看法。

總之，正文部分是寫作的重頭戲。寫作時(shí)，在確定了開頭和結(jié)尾部分之后，要認(rèn)真思考、仔細(xì)構(gòu)思正文的結(jié)構(gòu)和順序、人稱和時(shí)態(tài)，注意詞匯和句型的選擇。同時(shí)還要注意正文內(nèi)容的完整性、銜接性和連貫性，務(wù)必使其中心內(nèi)容突出，主題鮮明，要點(diǎn)全面，表達(dá)通暢。

【習(xí)作點(diǎn)評】

這是一篇主題為“感恩他人”的學(xué)生習(xí)作。文章首先寫了我們?yōu)槭裁匆獙Ω改浮⒗蠋煛⑴笥焉踔聊吧诵拇娓屑ぃ缓缶唧w介紹了我們應(yīng)該怎樣做才能將感激之情落實(shí)在具體的行動上。文章充滿了正能量，給人以人生的教誨與啟迪。

全文結(jié)構(gòu)完整，層次清楚，段落劃分恰當(dāng)。尤其是第一、二段的首句和末尾句的相呼應(yīng)，使得文章結(jié)構(gòu)非常嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)。文中復(fù)雜結(jié)構(gòu)和高級詞匯的大膽、準(zhǔn)確運(yùn)用，可以看出該學(xué)生課余時(shí)間一定善于閱讀和積累，英語水平相當(dāng)不錯。尤其是結(jié)尾兩段清一色的祈使句的使用，讓文章充滿了強(qiáng)烈的感情色彩，震撼人心。諺語、俗話及一些高級句式的運(yùn)用，提升了文章的檔次。

盡管此文句式變化不少，但是略感文章中should一詞運(yùn)用過頻，如果能用其他的句型來替換一下，或許給人的感覺會更為舒服、自然。