中藥的方劑之道

文/五花肉

“神農嘗百草，始有醫藥”，在中華文明的歷史長河中，凝聚數千年東方哲學智慧和健康實踐經驗的中醫藥，在標準化理念的指導下不斷進階發展，一路護佑著中華兒女抵御疾病、繁衍生息。

"Shen Nong tasted hundreds of herbs when there was traditional Chinese medicine." In the long history of Chinese civilization, traditional Chinese medicine(TCM), which has accumulated thousands of years of oriental philosophical wisdom and healthy practical experience, has been continuously developed under the guidance of the concept of standardization, and has been protecting the health of Chinese nation.

“藥”分三品

Three Classes of Chinese Medicine

中藥是傳統中醫診療祛病的關鍵所在。作為現存最早的中藥學經典著作，《神農本草經》共收錄365種中藥，以療效為標準，將其分為上、中、下三品。上品應天，如人參、地黃，宜久服養命。中品應人，如當歸、黃芩，可斟酌養性。下品應地，如大黃、巴豆，乃霸道之法，應中病則止。

Medicine herb is the key to traditional Chinese medicine. As the earliest classical works of Chinese pharmacy, "Shen Nong's Herbal Classic" includs 365 kinds of traditional Chinese medicines, and the medicine is divided into top, middle and low classes according to the healing efficacy. The top class stands for the heaven, including ginseng and rehmannia for prolonging life. The middle class stands for the people including angelica, jaundice for health preservation. The low class stands for the earth including rhubarb and croton for treatment.

相輔成“方”

Prescription of Complementation

在單一中藥的療效基礎上，后世杏林中人經過長期摸索、實踐，總結出針對不同疾病的復合型藥方，確立了“君臣佐使”的藥物配伍標準，根據不同中藥的藥理反應，按照一君、二臣、三佐、五使的規則，對上、中、下品藥進行組合，使其各司其職、相輔相成。

On the basis of single healing efficacy of a single traditional Chinese medicine, after a long period of exploration and practice, the later TCM doctors have summed up the comprehensive prescriptions for different diseases, and established the drug compatibility standards of TCM of "Monarch, Minister, Assistant and Guide". According to rule of "One Monarch, Two ministers, Three Assistants and Five Guide" and rules of three medicine classes, different medicines works in a complementation mode.

因人定“劑

Customized Dose

中醫診療注重對癥下藥、辯證施治，既可以對同一類疾病的不同病因施以“同病異治”，也可以對不同疾病的相同病理表現進行“異病同治”，往往根據三因制宜的用藥原則，結合地理氣候、患者體質、病情發展等實際情況，對傳承沿用的標準化藥方，在藥物配伍、使用劑量等方面進行針對性調整，實現因人定“劑”的動態平衡。

The diagnosis and treatment of traditional Chinese medicine is focused on suiting the remedy to the disease. Different therapies can be applied to the similar diseases and different diseases can be treated with similar remedies.TCM doctors customize doses according to the actual situation of geographical climate, patient's physical conditions and disease development.The standardized prescriptions are adjusted in terms of drug compatibility and dosage, so as to achieve the dynamic balance.

結 語

Conclusion

時至今日，藥、方、劑的中藥體系在科技助力下更趨完善，成為實施健康中國戰略的重要選項，不僅是健康所系、性命相托的依賴，更成為文化認同感、民族凝聚力的組成部分。讓這顆中國古代科學的瑰寶在發展和傳承中綻放新的光彩，標準化仍大有可為。

Today, the prescription system of traditional Chinese medicine has become more and more perfect under the aid of science and technology. It has become an important option for implementing the strategy of "HEALTHY CHINA". The prescription system is not only the key to health, but also an integral part of cultural identity and national cohesion. Standardization will let this gem of ancient Chinese science bloom in the development and inheritance.