不同母質類型下耕地土壤速效鋅與速效鉬的空間變異及其影響因子

任彧 陳杰 韓杏杏

摘要 [目的]研究不同母質類型下耕地土壤速效鋅與速效鉬的空間變異及其影響因子。[方法]以河南駐馬店市泌陽縣為研究區域，測定406個耕地土壤耕層樣品的土壤速效鋅、速效鉬含量，分析不同成土母質來源下泌陽縣耕地樣點速效鋅、速效鉬含量，利用灰色關聯分析研究不同母質下土壤速效鋅、速效鉬與全氮、速效磷、速效鉀、有機質、高程、采樣點5 km范圍內面積超過200 m.2的采礦用地數量的灰色關聯度。此外，采用地統計學方法對速效鋅、速效鉬含量的空間變異規律進行研究。[結果]速效鋅和速效鉬均屬中等變異，鋅的變異性大于鉬，不同母質類型下速效鉬和速效鋅的含量存在顯著差異。不管何種母質的土壤樣點中，高程與鋅、鉬的關聯度水平均較高，高程為影響鋅、鉬變異的重要原因。半方差函數分析表明，鋅的最適模型為指數模型，鉬為線性模型，都存在一定的空間自相關性。[結論]鋅含量高值區在四周都有分布，中部含量較低，在鋅缺乏的區域要注意施加鋅肥。鉬的高值區主要集中在中上部區域，速效鉬含量整體水平相對較高。

關鍵詞 速效鋅；速效鉬；母質；灰色關聯分析

中圖分類號 S158.9 文獻標識碼 A 文章編號 0517-6611（2018）23-0093-05

Abstract [Objective] To study spatial variability and affecting factors of soil available zinc and molybdenum of agricultural land in different parent materials. [Method]Biyang County was selected as the case study area. A total of 406 soil samples were collected from the farmlands in Biyang for analysis of soil available zinc （Zn） and molybdenum （Mu）. Through analysis of variance， we worked out whether there were significant differences in the soil samples under different parent materials. Taking the available Zn and Mu of soil under different parent materials as the reference quantities， we used the grey correlation analysis method to calculate separately the degree of gray correlation between reference quantities and total nitrogen， available phosphorus， available potassium， organic matter， elevation， the number of sampling points of mining land with an area over 200 m.2 within 5km. In addition， the spatial variation of available Zn and Mu was investigated by geostatistical methods. [Result]Available Zn and Mu were both moderately variable， while the variability of Zn was greater than Mu. There were significant differences in the contents of available Zn and Mu under different parent materials. The elevation had high levels of gray correlation with Zn， Mu， regardless of the parent materials， indicating that elevation was an important cause of variation of Zn， Mu. The analysis of semivariance function showed that the optimal model of Zn was exponential model， while Mu linear model. [Conclusion]The area with higher content of Zn was distributed all around， the low content in the middle. Zn fertilizer should be applied in areas where Zn was deficient. The high value zone of Mu was mainly distributed in the upper middle of the study area. In general， the effective Mu content of cultivated land in Biyang County was relatively high.

Key words Available zinc；Available molybdenum；Parent material；Grey correlation analysis

微量元素為植物正常生長所不可缺少的，植物所需的微量元素主要來源于土壤，其在土壤環境中濃度過低或過高均會影響植物的產量與品質，特別是重金屬元素，可通過食物鏈影響人體健康，通過生態循環進一步影響整個生態系統[1-5]。……