油菜壟作播種機(jī)地輪傳動系統(tǒng)改進(jìn)設(shè)計與試驗

包攀峰 吳明亮 羅海峰 謝偉 向偉

摘要 針對油菜壟作播種機(jī)播種施肥裝置在單個地輪驅(qū)動的作業(yè)過程中出現(xiàn)傳動阻力大、漏種漏肥等問題，同時為實現(xiàn)油菜壟作高產(chǎn)栽培技術(shù)中不同時期不同油菜籽播量的作業(yè)要求，對湖南農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)研制的2BYL-4型油菜壟作播種機(jī)第一代樣機(jī)的播種施肥傳動系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行了改進(jìn)設(shè)計，將原來中置的單地輪傳動改為兩側(cè)雙地輪傳動，并增設(shè)了傳動介軸和種肥量調(diào)控裝置。田間試驗表明，雙地輪傳動播種機(jī)的田間試驗播種量均值與手測播種量的均值相差不超過2%，雙地輪傳動播種機(jī)的田間排種穩(wěn)定性比單地輪傳動播種機(jī)提高了4.64%。

關(guān)鍵詞 壟作播種機(jī)；地輪；排種施肥；開溝；改進(jìn)設(shè)計

中圖分類號 S223.4文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識碼 A文章編號 0517-6611（2018）01-0186-03

Abstract In view of the rape ridge tillage seeder sowing device in a single wheel drive transmission appeared in the process of operation resistance big problems such as leakage，leakage of fat，at the same time in order to achieve high yielding cultivation techniques of rape requirements，different rapeseed planting quantity in different period of development of hunan agricultural university by 2BYL-4 type of rapeseed ridge tillage seeder sowing the transmission system of the first generation of prototype design improvements，the original single of wheel drive instead of on both sides of the double wheel drive，and add the transmission medium axis and kinds of fertilizer consumption regulation device.The field experiment showed that double wheel drive drill field experiment of seeding rate average differ with hand measure average rate of less than 2%，double wheel transmission planter seed in the field of the stability than single wheel transmission seeder increased by 4.64%.

Key words Ridge planting machine； Wheel； Seed fertilization；Ditching； Improved design

排種排肥系統(tǒng)是多功能播種機(jī)的核心部件之一，種子、肥料在田間排放的精準(zhǔn)性是衡量播種機(jī)質(zhì)量的關(guān)鍵性指標(biāo)。目前我國所應(yīng)用的旋耕播種機(jī)，工作時排種排肥系統(tǒng)一般是依靠地輪驅(qū)動，所以，驅(qū)動輪是旋耕播種機(jī)研究的重要環(huán)節(jié)之一。作業(yè)時，地輪依靠與土壤間摩擦力轉(zhuǎn)動通過鏈輪鏈條傳動將扭矩傳遞給排種（肥）系統(tǒng)，種子由排種器排出經(jīng)由開溝器進(jìn)入土壤中，化肥由排肥器排出經(jīng)由施肥開溝器排至溝中，地輪的工作狀態(tài)對播種均勻性的影響十分顯著[1-5]。

國內(nèi)針對直播機(jī)的研究大都集中在排種器上，將排種、排肥作為一個體系進(jìn)行研究卻鮮見報道[6-10]。由湖南農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)研制的2BYL-4型油菜壟作播種機(jī)第一代樣機(jī)，其傳動結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計為單地輪傳動形式，地輪為鐵地輪。……