成都市綠地土壤特性及對雨洪削減效應(yīng)的研究

董光 周維 何蘭

摘要 研究成都市錦江區(qū)5類城市綠地的土壤特性，分析各類綠地土壤的分布規(guī)律，建立錦江區(qū)綠地土壤對雨洪削減效應(yīng)的估算模型。結(jié)果表明：錦江區(qū)綠地土壤質(zhì)地以粉砂質(zhì)壤土、粉砂質(zhì)黏壤土和粉砂質(zhì)黏土為主；城市綠地土壤受人為活動影響顯著，物理性質(zhì)發(fā)生了較大變化，土壤孔隙度和滲透性均下降；不同類型的綠地土壤入滲速率差異較大，以生產(chǎn)綠地和公園綠地為最好。綠地土壤對雨洪的蓄滲效果隨土壤入滲速率的增大而增大，且下凹式綠地的蓄滲效果更佳。

關(guān)鍵詞 城市綠地；土壤特性；入滲速率；蓄滲率

中圖分類號 S152文獻標(biāo)識碼 A文章編號 0517-6611（2018）01-0137-04

Abstract In this paper，the soil characteristics of five urban green land in Jinjiang District of Chengdu City were studied，and the distribution rule of soil were analyzed.The estimation model of storm water runoff reduction effect was established.The results showed that the soil texture in Jinjiang District was silty loam，silty clay loam and silty clay.The soil of urban greenland was influenced by human activity，and the physical properties had changed greatly，and soil porosity and permeability had decreased.Different types of greenland soil infiltration rate were different，produce greenland and park greenland were the best.The effect of the red soil infiltration on the rainwater infiltration increased with the increase of soil infiltration rate，and the effect of reservoir was better.

Key words Urban greenland；Soil characteristic；Penetration rates；Storage and infiltration rates

城市化是當(dāng)今社會發(fā)展的主流，隨著城市化進程的加快，相配套的城市綠化也得到了迅速發(fā)展。城市綠地土壤是城市生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的重要組成部分，有諸多的生態(tài)環(huán)境效應(yīng)，對維持良好的城市生態(tài)環(huán)境以及可持續(xù)發(fā)展具有重要意義。城市綠地作為一種天然的滲透設(shè)施，在控制城市面源污染及削減洪峰水量方面發(fā)揮著十分重要的作用，越來越受到世界各國的廣泛關(guān)注[1-2]，城市土壤研究在世界范圍內(nèi)逐步興起和深化[3]。

在發(fā)達國家，綠地的雨水徑流調(diào)蓄效應(yīng)已得到重視，在城市綠地土壤特性方面也進行了大量的研究[4]，歐美等發(fā)達國家常用滲濾技術(shù)進行雨水資源化處理。我國對城市土壤的研究起步較晚，研究者關(guān)注較少，缺乏這一技術(shù)應(yīng)用的基礎(chǔ)數(shù)據(jù)。20世紀(jì)90年代以后，Jim對香港城市土壤的理化性質(zhì)及其對植物生長的影響進行了一系列研究。……