梁秋霞 李荷娟 張先平 郝興順 李云 尹素芬 李小安 舒娜
摘 要:目的:篩選適合陜南平壩麥區種植的小麥新品種(系)。方法:選擇13個新品種(系),與主對照漢麥5號(副對照川麥42)進行對比試驗,以生育期特性、抗病性、室內考種及產量性狀為依據,篩選適宜陜南平壩麥區特殊氣候種植的高產優質和綜合抗性強的小麥新品種。結果:綜合各因素,表現較好的品種(系)有品1、川輻8號、蘭天14、品6,產量較對照分別增產16.8%、16.2%、12.89%,3.52,增產顯著;有7個新品種(系)比對照增產,未達到顯著水平。結論:品1、川輻8號、品6等品種綜合性狀好,建議續試,并進一步篩選穩定優良株系;品8、品10、品13與品14則可作為優質種質材料利用改造。
關鍵詞:小麥;新品種;比較;評價;分析
中圖分類號 S512.1 文獻標識碼 A 文章編號 1007-7731(2018)22-0031-04
Abstract:Objective:Select new varieties of wheat suitable for planting in pingba wheat area in southern Shaanxi.Methods:13 new varieties (lines) were selected and compared with the main control hanmai 5 (secondary control chuangmai 42). Based on the characteristics of growth period,disease resistance,indoor seed examination and yield characteristics,the new varieties of wheat with high yield,high quality and strong comprehensive resistance were screened. Result:the varieties (lines) with better performance of all factors were successively p1,chuanfu 8,lantian 14 and p6,and the yield increased by 16.8%,16.2%,12.89%,3.52,respectively,compared with the control. The yield increased significantly,and 7 new varieties (lines) did not reach the significant level. Conclusion:no. 1,no. 8 chuanfu and no. 6 have good comprehensive characters. It is suggested to continue the test to further select stable and excellent strains.Products 8,10,13 and 14 can be used as quality germplasm material.
Key words:New wheat varieties;Comparative evaluation;Analysis
小麥是我國三大糧食作物之一,其面積和產量約占全國糧食作物的1/4左右[1]。在生產中我們要求小麥品種具有產量潛力,分蘗適中,成穗率高,抗倒伏,蛋白質含量高,中至高抗條銹病[2-4]、葉銹病、白粉病等小麥生產中主要病害,成熟落黃好[5-6]。但近年來,隨著生活水平的提高,以及各種產品要求的精細分工,對小麥的品質也有了更高的要求,因此選育高產、優質、高抗小麥新品種成為近年來科研人員努力的方向。
陜南地區小麥主要分布在陜南平壩和秦巴淺山丘陵中熟冬麥區,為稻—麥或麥—夏玉米兩熟耕作制[7],且陜南平壩早熟冬麥區是陜西省的重要小麥商品糧生產基地,該地區冬季低溫時間短,春季氣溫回升快,是典型的南北過渡、東西交匯的地帶;……