淺談怎樣做初中英語閱讀題

閱讀理解力來是中考英語中篇幅最大，計分最高的題。隨著現代英語教學要求的提高，考查考生能力和運用的要求也越來越高。要做好閱讀理解題考生需要具備以下能力：對英語有較大興趣、較大詞匯量、相當高的閱讀能力、歸納和閱讀文章要旨和大意的能力、領會或推測文章的隱含意義的能力等。 閱讀理解常見的幾種題型：客觀細節題、詞義猜測題、歸納綜合題、推理判斷題。現根據我多年的教學經驗，推薦這幾種題型的答題方法和技巧，供大家參考。

一.細節理解法

細節理解題是閱讀理解中最常見的題型，幾乎每篇閱讀文章中都有客觀細節題。細節理解題一般包括直接理解題、語意轉化題、排列順序題、圖表圖畫題等。做這類題我們可以先快速瀏覽文章，再帶著問題去細讀，掃描和搜索信息點，跳過與題目不相關的句子和語段。在相關區域放慢速度，仔細地對照原文和選項提供的信息找到正確答案。例：

Basketball stars become hip-hop singers . Tt’s true. In the NBA，hip-hop music is very popular. Many of the players， like Shaquille O’Neal of the Los Angeles Lakers， write rap words when they travel on planes from one city to another. Some of them even have rap radio shows and others perform in music video.

Many basketball players in the NBA like-____.

A. Hip-hop music B. country music C. American singers D. dancing

解析：文中的In the NBA ，hip-hop music is very popular可知。題目信息對原文進行了改寫，故答案選A。

二.詞義猜測法

詞義猜測題是中考閱讀理解必考題型。它不但要求考生準確無誤地理解上下文，而且要求考生掌握或認識較多的課外詞匯。我們應該學會通過構詞法、定義、同位關系、對比關系、因果關系、同義關系、反義關系及上下文線索等確定詞義。

例：

Your fifteen-year-old sister’s manners are （deplorable） . You should have been there when she ate at our house the other night . She kept reaching across the table for everything without even excusing herself .she burped（打嗝）a dozen times and looked like she was really proud of her achievement. And when we had ice-cream for dersert，she ate hers with her fingers.

What does “delorable”mean？

A.Awful B.Deeply thoughtful C. Cute or pleasing. D.Enjoying good food.

解析：文章中“She kept reaching across…..”對她就餐及吃甜點時一系列行為的描述可判斷出，delorable與awful意思相近。故選A。

三.主旨大意法

主旨大意法在閱讀理解中十分常見，難度比較大，要求我們通過閱讀全文，把握中心思想，概括和歸納出文章的主旨大意。主旨大意題考查的內容包括文章標題、中心話題、段落大意、作者觀點等。一般說來，主題句位于文章或段落的開頭或結尾，表達一個中心或主題，其他內容都是針對這一主題句的拓展或說明。做主旨大意題的關鍵是找到主題句并進行高度的概括。例：

I have many hobbies， and the oldest of them I guess is dancing.I love dancing .I think dancing can help me keep healthy ，and it is a good way of expressing one’s feelings.I used to collect stamps when I was about seven years old，but I lost interest in it when I went into middle school .Another hobby of mine is reading.I started reading when I was three，and I usually don’t put a book down until I have finished it.I still love to read now .

What is the passage mainly about？

A.dancing B. stamps C. hobbies D. books

解析：文中談及了選項中的所有內容：跳舞、郵票、愛好和書籍。根據第一句“I have many hobbies.”可知文章主要介紹作者的愛好，故答案選C。

四.推理判斷法

推理判斷法主要用來解答閱讀理解中的推理判斷題。推理判斷題屬于高層次的閱讀理解題，相對而言，難度較大。屬于壓柱題。做這類題時，一定要從整體上把握語篇內容，在語篇的表面意義與隱含意義、已知信息與未知信息之間架起橋梁，透過字里行間去體會作者的舷外之音。

例：

“Cool”is a word with many meanings. Its old meaning is used to express a temperature that is a little bit cold.As the world has changed， the word has also got many different meanings.“Cool”can be used to express feelings of interest in almost anything.

Many of us make use of many other meanings of the word“cool”in our daily life .We can use it instead of many words such as new or surprising. Here is an interesting story showing the way how the word is used.A teater asked her students to write about the science museum they have visited.On one student’s paper there’s only one sentence，“It’s cool.”Maybe he thought that was the best way to show what he saw and felt.

But the story also shows that some students don’t have enough words to express themselves.Without the word cool，some people have no better words to say what they want.Can you think of many other words that make your life as colorful as the word cool？ I can . And I think they are also very cool.

The writer gives an example to show he is_______the way the word is used.

A.pleased with B.excited about C.worried about D.careful with

解析：cool用來代替各種不同意義的單詞，用一個故事，表述如果沒有“cool”這個詞，有些人就沒有更好的詞表達想說的。再結合only， maybe， best等修飾詞，可以推斷出這些詞的隱含意義和作者的舷外之音——擔心人們常常用cool替代其他詞匯，而忘了其他詞匯。故選C.。