趙云峰 張明周 游雅婷 錢瀾蘭 郭亮 吳學玲
·論著·
胸膜轉移性肺癌環狀RNA表達譜及其臨床意義
趙云峰1張明周2游雅婷2錢瀾蘭2郭亮2吳學玲3
目的探討環狀 RNA(circRNA)在胸膜轉移性肺癌和胸膜結核表達譜中的差異。方法利用circRNA 芯片技術檢測3例胸膜轉移性肺癌和胸膜結核患者的表達譜,經過對原始數據進行預處理,均一化后,找出差異表達的circRNA,經qRT-PCR進行驗證。根據表達差異倍數較高和樣本間一致性較好的原則篩選circRNA,借助生物信息學軟件預測可能受其調控的miRNA,結合文獻檢索初步確定可能在胸膜轉移性肺癌中具有重要作用的circRNA。結果與胸膜結核比較,胸膜轉移性肺癌中1.5倍以上變化,并且差異有統計學意義的circRNA定義為差異表達的circRNA。胸膜轉移性肺癌中,1.5倍以上變化且P≤0.05的circRNA 共3條,其中上調2條,下調1條。分別為在胸膜轉移性肺癌中明顯上調的 hsa-circ-103212 (1.671倍,P=0.0245)、hsa-circ-104822 (1.514倍,P=0.0478)和明顯下調的 hsa-circ-100548 (1.808倍,P=0.0287)。生物信息學分析和文獻檢索顯示,hsa-miR-613和hsa-miR-24-3p可能受 hsa-circRNA-104822的調控而影響肺癌的發生、發展和轉移。結論與胸膜結核比較,胸膜轉移性肺癌 circRNA 表達譜發生了顯著變化;hsa-circRNA-104822可能在肺癌 、發展和轉移中起重要作用。
環狀RNA; miRNA; 肺癌; 轉移
環狀RNA又稱環形RNA(circular RNA, circRNA),是一種具有環狀結構的長鏈非編碼RNA。 circRNA的特點及功能近來才真正被揭示,并且極大程度上改變了人們對circRNA在腫瘤發生發展中作用的看法 。到目前為止,研究者們發現了兩種主要的circRNA,內含子及外顯子circRNA,功能眾多。迄今,許多研究闡述了circRNA的特殊作用[1-3]。其中,circRNA在腫瘤發生及惡性生物學性能中的microRNA海綿作用帶給人們對腫瘤發生發展分子機制的全新認識。 circRNA是否在肺癌的發生發展和轉移中發揮作用,目前尚不明確。 本研究探索胸膜轉移性肺癌中circRNA的表達譜,為circRNA在肺癌轉移中的作用提供依據。
3例胸膜轉移性肺癌組織標本來源于2014年1月至2014年12月在第三軍醫大學新橋醫院呼吸科經內科胸腔鏡獲得組織的患者,3例對照標本為來自同一時間段內經胸腔鏡診斷的胸膜結核患者。標本取出后立即放入-80 ℃冰箱保存。 轉移性肺癌和胸膜結核組織均經病理證實。
總RNA提取: 從-80 ℃冰箱保存至提取總RNA。取100 mg標本,應用RNA抽 提試劑TRIzol (Invitrogen公司) 按照試劑說明 分別從胸膜轉移性肺癌組織和胸膜結核組織中提取總RNA,應用 NanoDrop ND1000進行純度和濃度測定;RNA 標記:應用RNase R(Epicentre公司)處理總 RNA,去除線性RNA,富集circRNA,應用隨機 引物按照Arraystar Supper RNA Labeling Protocol 對circRNA進行擴增并轉錄為熒光cRNA;芯片雜交:將熒光標記的cRNA應用RNA提取試劑盒 (Qiagen公司)純化后在circRNA芯片(8×15 K,Arraystar公司)上雜交,于分子雜交儀 (Agilent 公司) 65 ℃孵育17 h;芯片掃描:雜交后的芯片洗片后,應用Agilent Scanner G2505C掃描。
根據差異表達變化倍數篩選circRNA,應用Arraystar的miRNA目標預測軟件(一款基于TargetScan和miRNA的軟件)預測與之相互作用的miRNA,文獻檢索已經證實的在腫瘤發生發展中具有重要作用的miRNA,初步確定在胸膜轉移性肺癌中具有重要作用的circRNA[4-5]。
將芯片掃描圖片導入Agilent Feature Extraction軟件(版本11.0.1.1)提取原始數據;應用R軟件包對原始數據進行標準化并進行分析,兩組樣本間差異表達的circRNA 通過變化倍數進行篩選,組間比較采用t檢驗,P<0.05為差異有統計學意義。
與胸膜結核比較,胸膜轉移性肺癌組織中的circRNA表達譜發生了明顯變化,見圖1。圖1左側/右側紅點分別表示在胸膜轉移性肺癌中表達下調/上調的滿足差異倍數1.5倍以上且具有統計學意義的circRNA,P<0.05。

圖1 circRNA 火山圖
繪制circRNA聚類圖,結果顯示在胸膜轉移性肺癌和胸膜結核組織樣本間circRNA的表達譜存在差異,見圖2。

圖2 差異circRNA聚類圖
將差異表達1.5倍以上且P<0.05的circRNA 確定為差異表達的circRNA。結果顯示,胸膜轉移性肺癌組織和胸膜結核相比,1.5倍以上變化的circRNA共3條,其中上調的共2條,下調的共1條,分別為在胸膜轉移性肺癌組織中明顯上調的 hsa-circ-103 212 (1.671倍,P=0.0245)、hsa-circ-104 822 (1.514倍,P=0.0478) 和明顯下調的 hsa-circ-100 548 (1.808倍,P=0.0287),見表1。

表1 差異表達的circRNA
應用Arraystar的miRNA目標預測軟件對差異表達變化倍數較高的circRNA進行分析,得到可能與之相互作用的miRNA。通過文獻檢索發現,hsa-miR-24-3p可能跟肺癌胸膜轉移相關[6],見表2。

表2 Arraystar預測的可能與circRNA相互作用的miRNA
迄今為止,人類已充分認識到miRNA在抑癌或致癌過程中具有重要作用[7],然而對circRNA在腫瘤中的調控機制卻知之甚少。同其他長鏈非編碼RNA等轉錄物一樣,circRNA可競爭性結合miRNA,下調表皮生長因子受體( epidermal growth factor receptor, EGFR) 、胰島素受體底物1 (insulin receptor substrate-1, IRS-1) 、P53及癌基因Raf1 等重要致癌因子的表達[8-11],因而在前列腺癌、結直腸癌、黑色素瘤、惡性膠質瘤、肝癌等多種腫瘤發生發展中發揮著重要作用[12]。但目前關于circRNA在肺癌中的表達和作用機制研究甚少[13]。
近期發現的一個circRNA名為小腦變性相關蛋白 1反義轉錄物(antisense to the cerebellar degeneration-related protein 1 transcript, CDR1as) ,也稱為ciRS-7 ,在人腦組織中表達豐富,在其序列上有超過70個多個串聯的微小RNA-7( microRNA-7, miR-7) 結合位點,起到miR-7的海綿作用,故而調控miR-7靶標基因活性[14-15]。研究發現miR-7可通過調控細胞凋亡相關基因 B 淋巴細胞瘤-2 (B-cell lymphoma-2,BCL-2) 的表達來抑制人非小細胞肺癌A549細胞的生長[16];而抑制miR-7可抑制肺癌腫瘤細胞細胞株的增殖并促進其凋亡;在肺癌95D細胞中,TLR9激動劑CpG ODNs可通過誘導HuR的表達來抑制miR-7的表達,促進腫瘤的生長及轉移。因此推測ciRS-7對miR-7的調控作用可能在肺癌的發生發展中起重要作用。
因此研究肺癌組織中circRNA的表達譜,將為其后繼功能研究打下基礎。本研究采用Arraystar公司推出的全球首款circRNA芯片,采用特異性剪接位點探針與外切酶預處理雙重保障,能夠準確檢測樣本中circRNA的表達。借助芯片對胸膜轉移性肺癌和胸膜結核組織的RNA進行分析,獲得了胸膜轉移性肺癌和胸膜結核的circRNA表達譜。按照差異表達倍數 ≥1.5且P<0.05進行篩選, 這3條具有統計學意義的差異表達的circRNA 在3對樣本中具有較好的一致性。通過生物信息學軟件預測出這3條circRNA可能結合的 miRNA后,綜合推測, hsa-miR-613可能與肺癌的發生發展有關,hsa-miR-24-3p可能與肺癌的轉移有關[17-18]。而hsa-circ-104 822可能與 hsa-miR-613及hsa-miR-24-3p發生結合,因此推測hsa-circ-104 822可能與肺癌的發生、發展及轉移相關。
本研究的局限性在于實驗采用的芯片為Human Circlar RNA Array V1.0,有許多新近發現的circRNA未納入研究中;通過生物信息學預測和文獻檢索確定的hsa-circ-104822 尚未進行實驗驗證。本研究組下一步將繼續進行該circRNA的Qrt-PCR進行確認,并進行功能實驗。
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DifferentiallyexpressedcircularRNAsinhumanpleuralmetastaticlungcancerandclinicalsignificance
ZhaoYunfeng1,ZhangMingzhou2,YouYating2,QianLanlan2,GuoLiang2,WuXueling3.
1DepartmentofRespiratoryMedicine,PunanHospital,Shanghai200125,China;2DepartmentofRespiratoryMedicine,XinqiaoHospital,ThirdMilitaryMedicalUniversity,Chongqing400037China;3DepartmentofRespiratoryMedicine,RenjiHospital,SchoolofMedicine,ShanghaiJiaotongUniversity,Shanghai200025China
WuXueling,Email:wu261912@126.com
ObjectiveTo analyze the difference of circular RNA (circRNA) expression profiles between pleural metastatic lung cancer and pleural tuberculosis.MethodsThe circRNA expression profiles in 3 paired specimens of pleural metastatic lung cancer and pleural tuberculosis were detected using the human circRNA microarray. After preprocessing and homogenization of the original data, the differentially expressed circRNAs were searched out. The circRNA in pleural metastatic lung cancer showed a greater than 1.5-fold andP≤0.05 compared with pleural tuberculosis was regarded as differentially expressed circRNA and then confirmed by qRT-PCR. After these circRNAs screening according to the principle of higher fold change and better consistency and their putatively targeting miRNAs prediction by bioinformatics software combined with literature review, the circRNAs that potentially contribute to lung cancer development and metastasis were preliminarily identified.ResultsThe circRNA expression profile in pleural metastatic lung cancer showed remarkable changes compared with pleural tuberculosis. In pleural metastatic lung cancer, a total of 3 circRNAs showed a greater than 1.5-fold change, and of them, 2 were up- regulated and 1 were down-regulated. The significantly up-regulated circRNA hsa-circ-103 212 (1.671 fold,P=0.0245) and hsa-circ-104 822(1.514 fold,P=0.0478), and significantly down-regulated circRNA hsa- circ-100548 (1.808 fold,P=0.0287) were obtained after screening. Bioinformatics analysis and literature review suggested that hsa-miR-613 and hsa-miR-24-3p was potentially regulated by hsa-circ-104 822 which contributed to the metastasis and development of lung cancer.ConclusionThe circRNA expression profile in pleural metastasis lung cancer is greatly changed. hsa-circ-104 822 may play important roles in the metastasis and development of lung cancer.
Circular RNA; miRNA; Lung cancer; Metastasis
10.3877/cma.j.issn.1674-6902.2017.06.009
上海市衛生和計劃生育委員會課題(201640377)
上海市浦東新區衛生系統重點??婆囵B計劃資助(PWZ zk2017-18)
200125 上海,上海市浦東新區浦南醫院呼吸內科1
400037 重慶,第三軍醫大學新橋醫院呼吸內科2
200025 上海,上海交通大學醫學院仁濟醫院呼吸內科3
吳學玲, Email: wu261912@126.com
R563
A
2017-04-21)
張大春)
趙云峰,張明周,游雅婷,等. 胸膜轉移性肺癌環狀RNA表達譜及其臨床意義[J/CD]. 中華肺部疾病雜志(電子版), 2017, 10(6): 677-680.