谷氨酸發酵廢液施用時期對水稻氮營養效應及土壤肥力的影響

張連秋+任艷云+張敬敏

摘要：為探索谷氨酸發酵廢液在農業中的利用技術，采用盆栽試驗，研究不同時期施用谷氨酸發酵廢液（基肥、分蘗肥和穗肥）對水稻氮營養效應和土壤肥力的影響。試驗結果表明，在氮素用量一致的條件下，與3個時期均施無機肥（F）的對照處理（FFF）相比，不同時期施用谷氨酸發酵廢液（M）處理可明顯提高水稻根重、分蘗數、穗重及根部氮素含量和分配比例。分蘗期施用 M的處理（FMF）每株穗重比對照提高 11.25%，而3個時期均施用M的處理（MMM）和對照間無顯著差異；籽粒氮素含量以FMF最高，基施和分蘗期施用M的處理（MMF）與對照無顯著差異，MMM顯著低于FFF。施用谷氨酸發酵廢液還可提高土壤速效磷、鉀、有效銅、鋅和鐵的含量。除MMM外，FMF和MMF的全鹽量均顯著低于FFF處理，而pH值均與FFF無顯著差異。以上結果表明，分蘗前施用谷氨酸發酵廢液可提高水稻根重和分蘗數，提高穗重，后期穗肥使用無機肥，可促進氮素在籽粒中的含量和分配比例，且合理谷氨酸發酵廢液不會對土壤全鹽量和土壤pH值產生顯著影響。

關鍵詞：谷氨酸發酵廢液；水稻；氮營養；土壤肥力

中圖分類號：S141.8：S511文獻標識號：A文章編號：1001-4942（2017）11-0091-04

Effects of Application Time of Glutamate Fermentative

Waste on Rice Nitrogen Nutrient and Soil Fertility

Zhang Lianqiu1， Ren Yanyun1， Zhang Jingmin2

（1. Jining Academy of Agricultural Sciences， Jining 272031， China；

2. Weifang University of Science and Technology， Shouguang 262700， China）

AbstractTo explore the utilization technology of glutamate fermentative waste in agriculture， the effects of different application times of glutamate fermentative waste （basic fertilizer， tiller fertilizer and panicle fertilizer） on rice nitrogen nutrient and soil fertility were studied by pot experiment. The results showed that under the condition of the same nitrogen application rate， compared with control of applying inorganic fertilizer （F） at all the three growing stages （FFF）， the application of glutamate fermentative waste （M） could obviously enhance the rice root weight， tiller number， panicle weight， nitrogen content and distribution ratio in roots. Applying glutamate fermentative waste at the tillering stage （FMF）， the grain weight of single plant increased by 11.25% compared with FFF， but there was no significant difference between MMM and FFF. For the grain nitrogen content， the highest appeared in FMF， there was no significant difference between MMF and FFF， and that in MMM was significantly lower than that in FFF. The application of glutamate fermentative waste could also obviously enhance soil available phosphorus， potassium， copper， zinc and ferric content. Except MMM， the total salt quantity in FMF and MMF were significantly lower than that in FFF， but the pH value had no significant difference among FMF， MMF and FFF. It could be concluded that applying glutamate fermentative waste before the tillering stage could increase the rice root weight， tiller number and grain weight. Using inorganic as panicle fertilizer could promote the nitrogen content and distribution ratio in grain. Furthermore， reasonable application of glutamate fermentative waste had no significant impact on the soil salt content and pH value.

KeywordsGlutamate fermentative waste； Rice； Nitrogen nutrient； Soil fertility

隨著植物有機態營養研究的深入，氨基酸肥料得以快速發展，但由于其價格昂貴，一定程度限制了氨基酸肥料的發展[1]。現研究發現，某些氨基酸生產企業發酵廢液中含有氨基酸殘基，用于農業生產，對作物生長有明顯的促進作用[2-5]。因而研究氨基酸發酵廢液的農業合理利用，對工農業生產具有重要意義。……