王宗文+高明偉+李洪田+孔凡金+盧合全+王景會+鄧永勝+韓宗福+申貴芳+段冰+李汝忠



摘要:針對棉花機械采收對品種的要求,選取13個山東及河北省近年審定棉花品種,研究評價其在生育進程、農藝性狀、產量性狀、纖維品質和脫葉特性諸方面的差異。結果表明:魯雜311、魯棉研36號5類性狀全部符合機采棉要求;魯棉研37號、魯6269兩品種有4類性狀表現較優;魯HB標雜-5、魯棉研21號在3類性狀方面表現較優;銀興棉4號、K836在2類性狀方面符合機采要求。所以,本試驗條件下,魯雜311、魯棉研36號、魯棉研37號、魯6269、魯HB標雜-5、魯棉研21號為較適宜機械采收的棉花品種。
關鍵詞:機采棉;品種;機采性狀;比較
中圖分類號:S562.01文獻標識號:A文章編號:1001-4942(2017)11-0024-05
Comparison of Appropriate Machine-Harvesting
Traits of Different Cotton Varieties
Wang Zongwen1, Gao Mingwei1, Li Hongtian2, Kong Fanjin1, Lu Hequan1,
Wang Jinghui1, Deng Yongsheng1, Han Zongfu1, Shen Guifang1, Duan Bing1, Li Ruzhong1
(1.Shandong Cotton Research Center/Key Laboratory of Cotton Breeding and
Cultivation in Huanghuaihai Plain, Ministry of Agriculture, Jinan 250100, China;
2. Agricultural and Sideline Base of Equipment Department, Former Jinan Military Area Command, Jinan 250029, China)
AbstractFor the requirement of machine-harvesting cotton variety, choosing 13 different cotton varieties authorized by Shandong Province in recent years, the differences of growth process, agronomic traits, yield, fiber quality and defoliation characteristics were compared and evaluated. The results showed that five traits of Luza 311 and Lumianyan 36, four traits of the Lumianyan 37 and Lu 6269, three traits of the Lu HB Biaoza-5 and Lumianyan 21, two traits of Yinxingmian 4 and K836 were in accordance with the requirement of machine-harvesting cotton. Under the experimental conditions, Luza 311, Lumianyan 36 and Lumianyan 37, Lu 6269,Lu HB Biaoza-5 and Lumianyan 21 were more suitable for machine-harvesting.
KeywordsMachine-harvesting cotton; Variety; Machine-harvesting trait; Comparison
棉花是我國重要的經濟作物,在國民經濟中占有重要地位[1]。近年來,隨著國際國內經濟形勢的變化和國家產業政策、農村種植業結構的調整,棉花種植面積大幅下滑。其中主要原因是棉花生產成本較高,尤其以棉花收摘階段最為突出,費時費工費力;同時大量農民轉入城市務工,農村勞動力短缺,勞動力價格逐年上升,也是植棉比較效益下降的原因[2]。因此,提高我國棉花生產機械化水平和規模化生產是棉花生產發展的必由之路。
棉花由人工采摘到機械收獲,是棉花種植方式上的一大變革,必須實現品種、農機、農藝的有機融合[3,4]。目前黃河流域棉區棉花生產上應用的品種全是以手工采摘為背景選育出的,不可能完全適宜機械采收的要求。機采棉在黃河流域棉區尚處在起步階段,有關這方面的研究報道較少。……