王宗文+高明偉+李洪田+孔凡金+盧合全+王景會(huì)+鄧永勝+韓宗福+申貴芳+段冰+李汝忠



摘要:針對(duì)棉花機(jī)械采收對(duì)品種的要求,選取13個(gè)山東及河北省近年審定棉花品種,研究評(píng)價(jià)其在生育進(jìn)程、農(nóng)藝性狀、產(chǎn)量性狀、纖維品質(zhì)和脫葉特性諸方面的差異。結(jié)果表明:魯雜311、魯棉研36號(hào)5類(lèi)性狀全部符合機(jī)采棉要求;魯棉研37號(hào)、魯6269兩品種有4類(lèi)性狀表現(xiàn)較優(yōu);魯HB標(biāo)雜-5、魯棉研21號(hào)在3類(lèi)性狀方面表現(xiàn)較優(yōu);銀興棉4號(hào)、K836在2類(lèi)性狀方面符合機(jī)采要求。所以,本試驗(yàn)條件下,魯雜311、魯棉研36號(hào)、魯棉研37號(hào)、魯6269、魯HB標(biāo)雜-5、魯棉研21號(hào)為較適宜機(jī)械采收的棉花品種。
關(guān)鍵詞:機(jī)采棉;品種;機(jī)采性狀;比較
中圖分類(lèi)號(hào):S562.01文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)號(hào):A文章編號(hào):1001-4942(2017)11-0024-05
Comparison of Appropriate Machine-Harvesting
Traits of Different Cotton Varieties
Wang Zongwen1, Gao Mingwei1, Li Hongtian2, Kong Fanjin1, Lu Hequan1,
Wang Jinghui1, Deng Yongsheng1, Han Zongfu1, Shen Guifang1, Duan Bing1, Li Ruzhong1
(1.Shandong Cotton Research Center/Key Laboratory of Cotton Breeding and
Cultivation in Huanghuaihai Plain, Ministry of Agriculture, Jinan 250100, China;
2. Agricultural and Sideline Base of Equipment Department, Former Jinan Military Area Command, Jinan 250029, China)
AbstractFor the requirement of machine-harvesting cotton variety, choosing 13 different cotton varieties authorized by Shandong Province in recent years, the differences of growth process, agronomic traits, yield, fiber quality and defoliation characteristics were compared and evaluated. The results showed that five traits of Luza 311 and Lumianyan 36, four traits of the Lumianyan 37 and Lu 6269, three traits of the Lu HB Biaoza-5 and Lumianyan 21, two traits of Yinxingmian 4 and K836 were in accordance with the requirement of machine-harvesting cotton. Under the experimental conditions, Luza 311, Lumianyan 36 and Lumianyan 37, Lu 6269,Lu HB Biaoza-5 and Lumianyan 21 were more suitable for machine-harvesting.
KeywordsMachine-harvesting cotton; Variety; Machine-harvesting trait; Comparison
棉花是我國(guó)重要的經(jīng)濟(jì)作物,在國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)中占有重要地位[1]。近年來(lái),隨著國(guó)際國(guó)內(nèi)經(jīng)濟(jì)形勢(shì)的變化和國(guó)家產(chǎn)業(yè)政策、農(nóng)村種植業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)的調(diào)整,棉花種植面積大幅下滑。其中主要原因是棉花生產(chǎn)成本較高,尤其以棉花收摘階段最為突出,費(fèi)時(shí)費(fèi)工費(fèi)力;同時(shí)大量農(nóng)民轉(zhuǎn)入城市務(wù)工,農(nóng)村勞動(dòng)力短缺,勞動(dòng)力價(jià)格逐年上升,也是植棉比較效益下降的原因[2]。因此,提高我國(guó)棉花生產(chǎn)機(jī)械化水平和規(guī)模化生產(chǎn)是棉花生產(chǎn)發(fā)展的必由之路。
棉花由人工采摘到機(jī)械收獲,是棉花種植方式上的一大變革,必須實(shí)現(xiàn)品種、農(nóng)機(jī)、農(nóng)藝的有機(jī)融合[3,4]。目前黃河流域棉區(qū)棉花生產(chǎn)上應(yīng)用的品種全是以手工采摘為背景選育出的,不可能完全適宜機(jī)械采收的要求。機(jī)采棉在黃河流域棉區(qū)尚處在起步階段,有關(guān)這方面的研究報(bào)道較少。……