乙烯利對桔梗生長發育、產量和品質影響的研究

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摘要：田間試驗研究了葉面噴施乙烯利對桔梗生長發育、產量及品質的影響。結果表明，葉面噴施乙烯利能有效縮短節間距，降低株高，從而提高桔?？沟狗芰?；但對莖粗和分枝數影響不顯著。隨噴施乙烯利濃度的升高，桔梗產量呈上升趨勢，噴施0.05%乙烯利的桔梗產量最高，0.07%次之，兩者間差異不顯著，但顯著高于其它處理；噴施0.07%乙烯利的桔梗蛋白質、總皂苷、皂苷-D含量分別比對照增加了3.9%、15.8%、49.1%，水溶性浸出物和可溶性糖含量分別降低了9.0%和4.4%。可見，乙烯利對桔梗品質的調控具有濃度依賴性。綜合考慮桔梗產量和品質，葉面噴施0.07%乙烯利效果最佳。

關鍵詞：乙烯利；桔梗；產量；總皂苷；皂苷-D

中圖分類號：S567.23+9文獻標識號：A文章編號：1001-4942（2017）11-0056-03

Effects of Ethephon on Growth， Development， Yield

and Quality of Platycodon grandiflorum

Bi Sheng1， Gao Xiuqing1， Zhu Lixiang2， Peng Dong1，Zhan Ge1

（1.Shandong Medicine Technician College， Taian 271016， China；

2. College of Agronomy， Shandong Agricultural University， Taian 271018， China）

AbstractField experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of foliage spraying ethephon on growth， yield and quality of Platycodon grandiflorum. The results showed that foliage spraying ethephon could effectively reduce the internodal distance and plant height， thereby improve the lodging-resistance ability. While its effects on stem diameter and branching number were not significant. With the increase of ethephon concentration， the yield of P. grandiflorum exhibited increasing trend. The yield of P. grandiflorum treated by 0.05% ethephon was the highest， followed by 0.07% ethephon treatment. There was no significant difference between 0.05% and 0.07% ethephon treatment， whose yield were both significantly higher than those of other treatments. When foliage spraying 0.07% ethephon， the contents of protein， total saponins and saponin-D increased by 3.9%， 15.8% and 49.1%， while the contents of water-soluble extracts and soluble sugar decreased by 9.0% and 4.4% respectively compared with the control. This suggested that the effects of ethephon on P. grandiflorum slowed concentration-dependent. Considering the yield and quality， 0.07% ethephon was the best concentration to P. grandiflorum.

KeywordsEthephon；Platycodon grandiflorum； Yield；Total saponin；Saponin-D

目前，隨著農村青壯年進城務工人數的不斷增加，留守人員多為老弱病殘，從事農業種植的能力弱，因此，栽培技術簡單、管理方便的作物成為其種植的首選品種。桔梗是藥食兩用經濟植物，種植技術簡單且效益較高，是農村種植業結構調整的首選作物。但桔梗栽培中存在開花期長、花果數多、植株后期倒伏的情況，如何解決這一問題是進一步提高桔梗種植效益的關鍵。

乙烯利是一種應用普遍的植物生長調節劑。乙烯利噴施植株表面后能夠釋放乙烯，調控植株內源激素的合成，抑制地上部生長，延遲開花，促進有機物向地下部分運輸，從而有效降低植株高度和倒伏率，提高作物產量。桔梗花期長，開花要消耗大量營養，不利于根增重?！?br>